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Pediatric Tracheomalacia and Tracheal Stenosis
Tracheomalacia and tracheal stenosis are tracheal anomalies characterized by the weakening of the tracheal walls and narrowing of the trachea, respectively. [1, 2]
Tracheomalacia and tracheal stenosis are tracheal anomalies characterized by the weakening of the tracheal walls and narrowing of the trachea, respectively. [1, 2]
Both conditions make it difficult to breathe
1 in 2100 children experience tracheomalacia, making it the most common congenital tracheal abnormality [2]
tracheal stenosis is a rare condition with an incidence of 1 in 64,500 [1,3]
Source: Accueil Chuv
Source:
doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9610(02)01054-1
Source: Amg International
Current treatments
Incisive surgical intervention (aortopexy):
Bringing the aorta away from the airway, reducing the compression of the aorta on the malacic airway
Limitations: Highly invasive, time-intensive [4]
Metal/ silicone stents:
Supports the collapsing airway to open up the lumen
Limitations:
Out of size as trachea grows, requiring removal surgery, stent migration, tissue granulation [5,6]
References:
[1] M. Nelson, G. Green, R.G. Ohye, “Pediatric tracheal anomalies,” in M.M. Lesperance, P.W. Flint (Eds.), Cummings Pediatric Otolaryngology, Elselvies, 2014, pp. 316-373
[2] A. Kamran and R. W. Jennings, “Tracheomalacia and Tracheobronchomalacia in pediatrics: An overview of evaluation, medical management, and surgical treatment,” Frontiers in Pediatrics, vol. 7, 2019.
[3] A. S. Ho and P. J. Koltai, “Pediatric tracheal stenosis,” Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 999–1021, 2008.
[4] Stramiello, J. A. et al. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 139, 110405 (2020)
[5] Torre, M. et al. Ital. J. Pediatr. 38, 1 (2012)
[6] Xu, J. et al. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 45, 1–10 (2019)
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