Social Influence

Books

• Blass, T., (2009). The Man Who Shocked the World. 

• Cialdini, R., (2007). Influence : the psychology of persuasion. New York: Collins. 

• Perry, G., (2013). Behind the shock machine. New York: New Press. 

• Zimbardo, P., (2013). The lucifer effect. New York: Random House. 

Articles

• Conformity

  • Psychology Review Article: Updating the Asch Conformity Study

  • Psychology Review Article: Conformity Asch Revisited + Quiz and Questions on Article

• Zimbardo: Conformity to Social Roles

  • The Psychologist article: Breaking free from Stamford

  • BPS Digest article: Newly analysed recording challenges Zimbardo’s account of his infamous prison experiment July 3 2018

  • Psychology Review Article: The Stanford Prison Experiment: Thirty Years On 

  • Journal article. Haney, C., Banks, W. C. & Zimbardo, P.G. (1973) A study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison. Naval Research Review, 30, 4-7

• Obedience

  • Psychology Review Article:  Revisiting Milgram’s Obedience Study and complete the ‘Challenge yourself tasks’ at the end of the article

  • Psychology Review Article:  Rethinking Milgram's studies 

  • Psychology Review Article:  Milgram's Results are they surprising?  

  • BPS Digest article: Polish replication of Milgram experiment. Conducted 2015

  • Journal Article: Contesting the ‘‘Nature’’ Of Conformity: What Milgram and Zimbardo’s Studies Really Show

  • New Scientist Article: Just Obeying orders

  • BPS Digest article: When We Follow Orders To Hurt Someone, We Feel Their Pain Less Than If We Hurt Them Freely

• Minority Influence and Social Change

  • Psychology Review Article:  The power of the minority: A personal homage to Moscovici 

Memory

Books

• Dittrich, L. (2017). Patient H.M.: A Story of Memory, Madness and Family Secrets (01 ed.). Vintage.

• Fernyhough, C. (2013). Pieces of Light: The new science of memory (Main ed.). Profile Books.

• Shaw, J. (2016). The Memory Illusion: Remembering, Forgetting, and the Science of False Memory. Random House UK.

• Wearing, D. (2006). Forever Today: A True Story of Lost Memory and Never-Ending Love. Corgi.

Articles

• Models of Memory

  • Psychology review Article: A history of models of memory

  • Psychology Review Article: A reflection on the multistore model of memory

  • Psychology Review Article: Working Memory: How it all began

  • Journal Article: Paulesu et al (1993) The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory. Nature

• Long Term Memory and Case Studies

  • • Psychology Review Article: HM: A man with no memory 

    • Psychology Review Article: Types of Long Term Memory

• Forgetting

  • • Psychology Review Article: Why do we forget?

    • Journal Article: The importance of forgetting

    • Journal Article: Baker, J., Bezance, J., Zellaby, E. and Aggleton, J. (2004). Chewing gum can produce context-dependent effects upon memory. Appetite, 43(2), pp.207-210.

• Eyewitness Testimony 

  • • Journal article: Loftus and Palmer (1974) Reconstruction of an automobile destruction: An example of interaction between language and memory

    • Journal Article: Loftus Some facts about weapon focus

    • Psychology Review Article: Post Event Discussion Fiona Gabbert

    • Journal Article: Yuille and Cutshall (1986)

    • Journal Article: Deffenbacher (2004) A Meta-Analytic Review of the Effects of High Stress on Eyewitness Memory 

    • Journal Article: Parker et al (2006) The Impact of Stress on Mothers’ Memory of a Natural Disaster

    • Journal Article: Valentine and Mesout (2009) Eyewitness Identification Under Stress in the London Dungeon

    • Journal Article: Morgan et al (2012) Misinformation can influence memory for recently experienced, highly stressful events. Assessed military personnel confined in the stressful, mock POW camp phase of Survival School training.

    • Psychology Review Article: The police and interview techniques

    • Journal Article : Geiselman et al (1986) Enhancement of Eyewitness Memory with the Cognitive Interview The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 99, No. 3. pp. 385-401.

Attachment

Books

• Bowlby, J. (1999) . Attachment and loss. New York: Basic Books. 

• Bowlby, J., Fry, M. and Ainsworth, M. (1990). Child care and the growth of love. London [etc.]: Penguin. 

• Criado-Perez, C. (2019) Invisible women (Chatto). 

• Hrdy, S. (2011). Mothers and Others: The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding (Harvard University Press). 

• Rutter, M. (1991). Maternal deprivation reassessed. London: Penguin Books. 

• Rymer, R. (1998). Genie. New York, NY: Harper Perennial. 

• Slater, L. (2004). Opening Skinner's Box. London: Bloomsbury. (Chapters 1 and 6)

Articles

Caregiver-infant interactions in humans: reciprocity and interactional synchrony. 

• Psychology Review article: Article: Caregiver-infant interactions in humans 

• Journal Article: Topál, Miklósi, Csányi, and Dóka (1998) Attachment Behavior in Dogs (Canis familiaris):A New Application of Ainsworth's (1969) Strange Situation Test Journal of Comparative Psychology, Vol. 112, No. 3,219-229

Multiple attachments and The role of the father

• Journal article: Miller, C. (2014). Paternity Leave: The Rewards and the Remaining Stigma. The New York Times, 1-6.

• Psychology Review article: Are fathers really necessary

Explanations of attachment

• Psychology Review Article: Exploring attachment: The love you received is the love you can give

• Psychology Review Article:  Exploring the critical period Curtis S 2020 25[4] p8-11

•  Website: Why study animals? Discusses the strengths and limitations of using animals in research as well as regulations

Cultural variations in attachment

• Psychology Review article: Interview: Marinus Van Ijzendroon

• Journal Article: Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg Cross-cultural Patterns of Attachment: A Meta-Analysis of the Strange Situation

Bowlby's Theory of Maternal deprivation

• Psychology Review Article: Forty four juvenile thieves, John Bowlby

Institutionalisation

• BBC article; Neglected children end up with 'smaller brains'

• Journal Article: Early childhood deprivation is associated with alterations in adult brain structure despite subsequent environmental enrichment 

The influence of early attachment on later relationships

• Psychology Review Article: The influence of childhood on adult relationships

• Journal Article: Hazan and Shaver (1987) Romantic Love Conceptualized as an Attachment Process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1987, Vol. 52, No. 3, 511-524

Psychopathology

Books

• Bullmore, E. (2018). The inflamed mind (Macmillan). 

• Bentall, R. & Beck. A.T. (2004). Madness Explained: Psychosis and Human Nature 

• Foulkes, L., (2021). Losing out minds. London: Vintage. 

• Sacks, O. (2011). The Man who Mistook his Wife for a Hat 

Articles

Definitions of Abnormality 

• Bain, S.E. (2022) Are you mentally ill, or very unhappy? Psychiatrists can’t agree The New Statesman

• Foulkes, L. (2022)  Mental health awareness – time to re-focus Lucy Foulkes argues that campaigns may not be helping, and in some ways may actively make people worse. The Psychologist 

• BPS (2013) Classification of behaviour and experience in relation to functional psychiatric diagnoses: Time for a paradigm shift. Leicester: The British Psychological Society

Phobias

• Diagnostic Criteria: Compare some of the differences between the criteria used in the ICD and the DSM

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)-WHO Version for ;2016

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental Disorders (DSM-V)

ICD-10: Phobic anxiety disorders (F40)

DSM-V: Phobias

• Combs, H (2015) Systematic desensitisation. Psychology Review 21(1) p24-27

Depression

• Diagnostic Criteria: Compare some of the differences between the criteria used in the ICD and the DSM

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)-WHO Version for ;2016

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental Disorders (DSM-V)

ICD-10:Depression (F32)

DSM-V:Depression

• Workman, L (2004) Depression: An epidemic of our time? Psychology Review 11(2) p24-27

• McCusker, L (2014) CBT in clinical practice. Psychology Review 19(3) p25-27

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

• Diagnostic Criteria: Compare some of the differences between the criteria used in the ICD and the DSM

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)-WHO Version for ;2016

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental Disorders (DSM-V)

ICD-10:Obsessive Compulsive Disorder  (F42)

DSM-V:Obsessive Compulsive Disorder 

• Bretécher, R. ( 2013) Pure OCD: a rude awakening. The Guardian [Online]

• Patel, A (2011) OCD: Part 1- What is OCD? Psychology review. 16(3) p9-12

• Patel, A (2011) OCD: Part 2- Treatments for OCD? Psychology review. 16(4) p21-23

• Lewis, G. and Lewis, G. (2020) Antidepressants: How do they treat depression and anxiety? Psychology Review 26 (1) p.12-15

Approaches in psychology

Books

• Fairholm, I., (2012). Issues, debates and approaches in psychology. London: palgrave MacMillan. 

• Ridley, M. (2004). Nature via Nurture: Genes, experience and what makes us human 

Articles

Origins of Psychology

• Psychology Review: Williem Wundt Article

• Psychology Review: Wundt and the emergence of scientific psychology

• Open University EPoCH resource: Exploring Psychology's Context and History 

• Open University Free course: EPOCH Psychology history timeline

Learning Approach: Behaviourism

• Science Confirms It: People Are Not Pets. Research on the efficacy of rewards tells us that we can’t bribe others into doing what we want. 

Learning Approach: Social Learning Theory

• Psychology Review: The Bobo doll legacy

Cognitive Approach

• Article: The emergence of cognitive neuroscience

• Problems with neuroscience - Neural Activity in post-mortem atlantic salmon

• Psych Review Article: Why are monkey used in cognitive neuroscience 

Biological Approach

• Psychology Review Article: The epigenetic brain. 

  • Discussion Questions: Does nurture shape nature?, Why are there so many differences between twins? 

• The evolutionary approach: How have Darwin’s ideas contributed to psychology? Includes consolidation questions

• Crash Course Psychology  ‘Getting to know your brain’. 12.33m

• Twin and Adoption Studies [From edexcel specification website but still useful]

• Twin Studies and Genetic Influences: Research on the influence on attainment at GCSE and A-level Subject choice

• Research Summary: Genetics and Anorexia 

Psychodynamic Approach

• Freud Museum Videos: What is Psychoanalysis?' is a 4-part educational film series primarily aimed at A-Level Psychology students studying the 'psychodynamic approach', these films are intended to facilitate first encounters with Freud's thought.

  • Part 1: What is psychoanalysis? Is it Weird?

  • Part 2: Sexuality

  • Part 3: The Oedipus Complex

  • Part 4: The id, ego, and Superego

Humanistic Approach

• Article: What Does It Mean to Be Self-Actualized in the 21st Century?

• Read PR article: Carl Rogers

• Read PR article: Positive Psychology and Humanistic Psychology

Biopsychology

Books

• Eagleman, D (2015) The Brian. Edinburgh; Canongate

• LeDoux, J (2003). Synaptic Self: How Our Brains Become Who We Are (Penguin). 

• Ramachandran, V.S. & Blakeslee S. (1999). Phantoms in the Brain: Human Nature and the Architecture of the Mind 

• Ridley, M. (2004). Nature via Nurture: Genes, experience and what makes us human 

• Sapolsky, R (1994). Why zebras don’t get ulcers (Macmillan)

• Walker, M (2017). Why we sleep (Penguin)

Articles

The Brain

• Dick, A  and Tremblay P (2018) Broca and Wernicke are dead? Psychology Review  23(4) p18-21

• Banyard, P. (2018) Is your brain really necessary? Roger Lewin (1980) Psychology review 23(3) p32-33

• Bethlehem, R.A.I., Seidlitz, J., White, S.R. et al. (2022) Brain charts for the human lifespan. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04554-y 

• Sauerwein, K., (2017). Brain rewires itself after injury ‘on the edge of what’s compatible with life’ | Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. [online] Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. Available at: <https://medicine.wustl.edu/news/brain-rewires-itself-after-injury-on-the-edge-of-whats-compatible-with-life/> [Accessed 15 February 2022]. (Sauerwein, 2017) 

• Gross, R. (2015) Numerical Processing in split-brain patients. Psychology Review 20(4) p26-29

• Gazzaniga, M.S. (2002) The Split Brain Revisitied Scientific American 

• Wolman, D. (2012) A tale of two halves. Nature Vol 483 p260-263

Ways of studying the brain

• Baker, J (2017) Electroencephalography (EEG) Psychology Review  23(2) p29

Bio rhythms

• Weinzaepflen, C. & Spitschan, M. (Ed.) (2021). Enlighten your clock: How your body tells time. (C. Weinzaepflen, Illus.). DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/ZQXVH

Issues and Debates in Psychology

Books

• Criado-Perez, C. (2019) Invisible women (Chatto). 

• Damasio, A. (2010). Self comes to mind: constructing the conscious brain. (Vintage Books). 

• Fairholm, I., (2012). Issues, debates and approaches in psychology. London: palgrave MacMillan. 

• Ridley, M. (2004). Nature via Nurture: Genes, experience and what makes us human 

Articles

Gender

Books

• Baron-Cohen, S., (2012). The essential difference. London: Penguin. 

• Fine, C., (2010). Delusions of gender. London: W.W. Norton & Company. 

• Fine, C (2017). Testosterone Rex: Unmaking the myths of our gendered mind (Royal Society). 

• Rippon, G., (2020). The gendered brain. London: Vintage. 

Articles

Schizophrenia

Books

• Byron, T. (2015). The Skeleton Cupboard: The making of a clinical psychologist (Main Market Ed.). PAN MACMILLAN.

• Laing, R. D., & Esterson, A. (2016). Sanity, Madness and the Family (Routledge Classics) (1st ed.). Routledge.

  • • #5 The Edens

    • #7 The Golds

• Saks, E. R. (2008). The Center Cannot Hold: My Journey Through Madness (Reprint ed.). Hachette Books.

Articles

• Classification and Diagnosis

  • DSM-V Key features of psychotic disorders 

  • DSM classification of schizophrenia

  • ICD classification of Schizophrenia

  • BPS article: Understanding Psychosis and Schizophrenia

  • Psychology Review Article ‘Rethinking Schizophrenia; dissecting psychosis’ complete the activities at the end of the article

• Biological Explanations

  • Journal Article: Nature 2014: Gene hunt for schizophrenia Genetic Explanations: 

  • Journal Article: the case study to the Genian Quadruplets how does this provide evidence for and against the genetic explanations of schizophrenia?

  • Journal Article:: Study links single gene to Schizophrenia

  • Journal Article Tenari et al (2004) Genotype-environment interaction Genotype ^environment interaction in schizophrenia-spectrum disorder in schizophrenia-spectrum disorder: Long-term follow-up study of Finnish adoptees

• Psychological Explanations

  • Journal Article: Sarin F,  Wallin L.(2013)  Cognitive model and cognitive behavior therapy for schizophrenia: An overview. Nord J Psychiatry 2013;Early Online:1–9.

  • Journal Article:  Philippa Garety, Daniel Freeman, Suzanne Jolley, Kerry Ross, Helen Waller & Graham Dunn Jumping to conclusions: the psychology of delusional reasoning Advances in psychiatric treatment (2011), vol. 17, 332–339

  • Extract from Sanity madness and the family. Read the case history and identify how the families behaviour may have contributed to the development of the psychosis. Link to the terms identified above

    • #5 The Edens

    • #7 The Golds

  • Double Bind caricature Sedgwick P (1972) RD Laing:  self, symptom and society In Boyes and Orill (Ed) (1975) Laing and anti-psychiatry Penguin Books: Harmondsworth 

  • Some books include the schizophrenogenic mother explanation, this is not on the specification but can be used. Below are some articles outlining it and why it is no longer considered a valid explanation. Beware books that some incorrectly call it the schizophrenic mother explanation.

    • The ghost of the schizophrenogenic mother

    • The fall of the schizophrenogenic mother

• Drug Treatments

  • Article on typical and atypical antipsychotics drugs

  • NICE guidelines: Choice of antipsychotic medication

  • Journal article: CATIE and CUtLASS: can we handle the truth? Lewis and Lieberman. Two large, non-commercial clinical trials comparing first- and second-generation antipsychotic drugs for people with chronic schizophrenia in the US and UK have shown in general, the newer drugs were no more effective or better tolerated than the older drugs.

• Psychological Treatments

  • Journal Article: Tarrier et al (2004) Cognitive-behavioural therapy in first-episode and early schizophrenia and early schizophrenia - 18-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial

  • An article about family therapy; who is involved in family therapy and how it is conducted.

  •  Read: Houston et al (2008)Testing the interactionist approach Childhood Sexual Abuse, Early Cannabis Use, and Psychosis: Testing an Interaction Model Based on the National Comorbidity Survey

Aggression

Books

• Book: The anatomy of Violence  by Adrian Raine (available in Library) 

• Pinker, S (2011). The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined (Viking). 

• Sapolsky, R. M., 1998 . The Trouble with Testosterone and Other Essays on the Biology of the Human Predicament. s.l.:Scribner.

Articles

Neural and Hormonal Mechanism 

• Article: The Brain on Trial

• Journal Article: Pardini et al (2004) Lower Amygdala Volume in Men is Associated with Childhood Aggression, Early Psychopathic Traits and Future Violence Biological Psychiatry. 75(1)

• Journal Article: Mehta and Josephs (2006) Testosterone change after losing predicts the decision to compete again. Hormones and Behavior 50, 684–692 

Genetic factors in aggression

• Article: Lighter sentence for murderer with bad genes

• Journal Article: Caspi et al (2002) Role of Genotype in the Cycle of Violence in Maltreated Children. Science 297, 851 

• Journal Article: Brunner et al (1993) Abnormal Behavior Associated with a Point Mutation in the Structural Gene for Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) Science 262, 578-580

• Journal Article: Bernet et al (2007) Bad Nature, Bad Nurture, and Testimony regarding MAOA and SLC6A4 Genotyping at Murder Trials. Journal of Forensic Science, Vol. 52, No. 6

Evolutionary explanations of aggression

• Journal Article: Beckerman et al (2009) Life histories, blood revenge, and reproductive success among the Waorani of Ecuador. PNAS vol. 106 (20)

• Journal Article: Sponsel (1998) Yanomami: An Arena of Conflict and Aggression in the Amazon AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR Vol 24, p 97–122

• Journal Article: Buss and Shackleton (1997) HUMAN AGGRESSION IN EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Clinical Psychology Review. Vol. 17. No. 6, pp. 603419, 1995

• Journal Article: Buss (1988) From Vigilance to violence: Tactics of mate retention in American undergraduates. Ethology and Sociobiology 9 p291-317

• Journal Article: Slocum, S., (1975) "Woman the gatherer: male bias in anthropology" from Reiter, Rayna R., Toward an anthropology of women pp.36-50, New York: Monthly Review

Social explanations of aggression

• Article - The weapon effect 

• Discussion articles: Are rage rooms a useful form of stress relief? 

  • BBC: The place where you can smash up cars for fun - 

  • BBC: Birmingham 'rage room' offers novel approach to stress relief

• PR article: The Bobo doll legacy

• Summary of Bandura’s Social Learning theory of aggression

• Journal article: Deindividuation: From Le Bon to the social identity model of deindividuation effects

Institutional Explanations of aggression

• Ministry of Justice: Safety in Custody Statistics, England and Wales: 2018

• News article on above statistics (Independent Jan 2019) Self-harm and assaults in prisons hit record high, figures show

Media influences on aggression

• Journal Article: Przybylski AK, Weinstein N. (2019) Violent video game engagement is not associated with adolescents’ aggressive behaviour: evidence from a registered report. R. Soc. open sci. 6: 171474. 

• Journal article: Elson, M., & Ferguson, C. J. (2013). Twenty-five years of research on violence in digital games and aggression: Empirical evidence, perspectives and a debate gone astray. European Psychologist. 

• Bushman and Huesmann (2014) Twenty-Five Years of Research on Violence in Digital Games and Aggression Revisited A Reply to Elson and Ferguson (2013)European Psychologist; Vol. 19(1):47–55

• Przybylski et al (2014) Competence-Impeding Electronic Games and Players’ Aggressive Feelings, Thoughts, and Behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 106, No. 3, 441– 457

• Reading: Criticism of the use of the competitive reaction time task for lacking standardised procedures http://www.flexiblemeasures.com/crtt/

Oxbridge reading lists

Cambridge 

"The following list of books will give you a good general background to the areas that the PBS Tripos will cover:"

• Blakemore, S-J (2018) Inventing ourselves (Royal Society). 

• Bullmore, E. (2018). The inflamed mind (Macmillan). 

• Criado-Perez, C. (2019) Invisible women (Chatto). 

• Damasio, A. (2010). Self comes to mind: constructing the conscious brain. (Vintage Books). 

• LeDoux, J (2003). Synaptic Self: How Our Brains Become Who We Are (Penguin). 

• Fine, C (2017). Testosterone Rex: Unmaking the myths of our gendered mind (Royal Society). 

• Haidt, J. (2012). The Righteous Mind (Penguin). 

• Hrdy, S (2011). Mothers and Others: The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding (Harvard University Press). 

• Kahneman, D (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow (Farrar, Strauss and Giroux). 

• Pinker, S (2011). The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined (Viking). 

• Sacks, O (1985). The Man who mistook his wife for a hat (Summit Books). 

• Sapolsky, R (1994). Why zebras don’t get ulcers (Macmillan)

Oxford

"It is best to read one or two books and articles carefully, and spend time thinking about their arguments, rather than reading more, but unreflectively." 

• Ramachandran, V.S. & Blakeslee S. (1999). Phantoms in the Brain: Human Nature and the Architecture of the Mind 

• Sacks, O. (2011). The Man who Mistook his Wife for a Hat 

• Bentall, R. & Beck. A.T. (2004). Madness Explained: Psychosis and Human Nature 

• Dennett, D.C. (1993). Consciousness Explained 

• Greenfield, S. (2002). The Private Life of the Brain 

• Ridley, M. (2004). Nature via Nurture: Genes, experience and what makes us human 

• Pinker, S. (1995). The Language Instinct: The New Science of Language and Mind 

• Goldacre, B. (2009). Bad Science Introductory