The highlighted evidence outcomes are the priority for all students, serving as the essential concepts and skills. It is recommended that the remaining evidence outcomes listed be addressed as time allows, representing the full breadth of the curriculum.

Students Can (Evidence Outcomes):

• Use and interpret documents and other relevant primary and secondary sources pertaining to United States history from multiple diverse perspectives. (1.1.a)

• Analyze evidence from multiple sources including those with conflicting accounts about specific events in both Colorado and United States history. For example: Indigenous Peoples’, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and African American perspectives on Western colonization and enslavement; Asian American and Latinos’ perspectives on immigration; and the Indian Removal Act, the Buffalo Soldiers, and the Sand Creek Massacre. (1.1.b)

• Determine and explain the historical context of key people and events from the Revolutionary War Era through Reconstruction including the examination of different perspectives. For example: Grievances from the colonists against the British Parliament, the Constitutional Convention, the role of abolitionists, contributions and grievances from Indigenous Peoples and African Americans, and the causes and effects of the Civil War. (1.2.a)

• Evaluate continuity and change over the course of United States history by examining various eras and determining major sources of conflict and compromise both in Colorado and across the nation. Including but not limited to: the Indian Removal Act, the Buffalo Soldiers, and the Sand Creek Massacre. (1.2.b)

• Examine the causes and effects of the territorial, political, and economic expansion of the United States. (1.2.c)

• Evaluate the impact of various gender, age, race, ethnicity, religion, and class during this time period and the impact of these demographic groups on the events of the time period. (1.2.d)

• Analyze the cause and effect relationships of major conflicts from the origins of the American Revolution through Reconstruction. (1.2.e)

• Analyze ideas that are critical to the understanding of early United States history. For example: Ideas involved in major events and movements such as settler colonialism, the changing definition of liberty and citizenship, enslavement of African and Indigenous Peoples, federalism, nativism of the Antebellum period, emancipation, and expansionism. (1.2.f)

• Analyze the push and pull factors that shaped immigration to and migration within the early United States. For example: Economic opportunities, religious refuge, and forced migration. (2.2.a)

• Analyze patterns of conflict and cooperation that resulted from human migration and the economic, political, ethnic, and social implications of those interactions. (2.2.b)

• Compare how differing geographic perspectives apply to a historic issue. (2.2.c)

• Interpret geographic and environmental data to understand how competition over land and resources shaped the development of the early United States. For example: Establishing the Mason/Dixon line, development of railroads, the Louisiana Purchase, and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. (2.2.d)

• Describe major political and/or social changes that affected the definition of citizenship, expanded or restricted the rights of citizens, and how those changes impacted women, Indigenous Peoples, African Americans, Latinos, Asian Americans, LGBTQ, religious minorities, and people living in annexed territories. (4.1.a)

• Analyze the relationship between the debate about citizenship and national identity in early U.S History, and how those ideas shaped political institutions and society. (4.1.b)

• Compare how the leadership of various individuals has influenced the United States government and politics. For example: Women, American Indians, African Americans, and people in the unsettled territories. (4.1.c)

• .Explain the role and importance of the Constitution and the strength of amendments made during this time period. Including but not limited to: the Bill of Rights, and the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. (4.2.b)

• Discuss the tensions between individual rights and liberties with state, tribal, and national laws. (4.2.e)