0. Summary

Pharmacogenomics is very important in personalized medicine studies. Although many drug- or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)-related resources and tools have been developed, the connection and integration between them are still challenging.

Here, we describe the user-friendly web-based software, named Drug-SNPing, which provides a platform for the integration of drug information (DrugBank and PharmGKB), protein-protein interaction (STRING), tagSNP selection (HapMap), and genotyping information (dbSNP, REBASE, and SNP500Cancer).

Several user-friendly inputs are designed based on DrugBank and PharmGKB. Four kinds of inputs based on DrugBank are included: 1) drug common name, 2) synonym or drug brand name, 3) gene name (HUGO, official gene symbol) and 4) other key words. Moreover, three kinds of inputs based on PharmGKB are also included: 1) gene name (HUGO, official gene symbol), 2) drug name, and 3) disease related keywords.

Several outputs are designed based on DrugBank and PharmGKB. Our software (Drug-SNPing) provides the outputs for DrugBank information (DrugBank ID, common name, chemical formula, molecular weight, DrugCard Information, metabolizing enzymes, and drug targets), the PharmGKB information (PharmGKB Accession ID, Gene Symbol, Drug Class, Disease, Publications), and the STRING information, where the interested genes are selectable for the protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis.

Moreover, the genes related to metabolizing enzymes and drug targets are extensible using the STRING mode to get more or less interacting gene candidates. Subsequently, the tagSNPs of these target genes are retrieved for the genotyping analysis. Finally, the drug- and protein-protein interaction-based SNP genotyping information is provided in PCR-restriction enzyme length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and TaqMan probe formats. Accordingly, users can input any drug keywords to get immediate information for genotyping in pharmacogenomics research. This website is freely accessible (http://bio.kuas.edu.tw/drug-snping).

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