# device name mount point fs-type options dump-freq pass-num LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1 /dev/hda6 swap swap defaults 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 none /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 # Removable media /dev/cdrom /mount/cdrom udf,iso9660 noauto,owner,kudzu,ro 0 0 /dev/fd0 /mount/floppy auto noauto,owner,kudzu 0 0 # NTFS Windows XP partition /dev/hda1 /mnt/WinXP ntfs-3g quiet,defaults,locale=en_US.utf8,umask=0,noexec 0 0 # Partition shared by Windows and Linux /dev/hda7 /mnt/shared vfat umask=000 0 0 # mounting tmpfs tmpfs /mnt/tmpfschk tmpfs size=100m 0 0 # mounting cifs //pingu/ashare /store/pingu cifs credentials=/root/smbpass.txt 0 0 # mounting NFS pingu:/store /store nfs rw 0 0
The mount point, where the data is to be attached to the filesystem.
The filesystem type, or the algorithm used to interpret the filesystem.
Options, including if the filesystem should be mounted at boot. (kudzu is an option specific to Red Hat and Fedora Core.)
dump-freq adjusts the archiving schedule for the partition (used by dump).
pass-num Controls the order in which fsck checks the device/partition for errors at boot time. The root device should be 1. Other partitions should be either 2 (to check after root) or 0 (to disable checking for that partition altogether).
A value of zero in either of the last 2 columns disables the corresponding feature. For the whitespace character in paths the character code "\040" is used.
Common options to all filesystems
As the filesystems in /etc/fstab will eventually be mounted using mount(8) it isn't surprising that the options field simply contains a comma-separated list of options which will be passed directly to mount when it tries to mount the filesystem.
The options common to all filesystems are:
atime / noatime / relatime / strictatime (Linux-specific)
The Unix stat structure records when files are last accessed (atime), modified (mtime), and created (ctime). One result is that atime is written every time a file is read, which has been heavily criticized for causing performance degradation and increased wear. However, atime is used by some applications and desired by some users, and thus is configurable as atime (update on access), noatime (do not update), or (in Linux) relatime (update atime if older than mtime). Through Linux 2.6.29, atime was the default; as of 2.6.30 (9 June 2009), relatime is the default.[1]
auto / noauto
With the auto option, the device will be mounted automatically at bootup or when the mount -a command is issued. auto is the default option. If you don't want the device to be mounted automatically, use the noauto option in /etc/fstab. With noauto, the device can be only mounted explicitly.
dev / nodev
Interpret/do not interpret block special devices on the filesystem.
exec / noexec
exec lets you execute binaries that are on that partition, whereas noexec doesn't let you do that. noexec might be useful for a partition that contains no binaries, like /var, or contains binaries you don't want to execute on your system, or that can't even be executed on your system. Last might be the case of a Windows partition.
ro
Mount read-only.
rw
Mount the filesystem read-write. Again, using this option might alleviate confusion on the part of new Linux users who are frustrated because they can't write to their floppies, Windows partitions, or other media.
sync / async
How the input and output to the filesystem should be done. sync means it's done synchronously. If you look at the example fstab, you'll notice that this is the option used with the floppy. In plain English, this means that when you, for example, copy a file to the floppy, the changes are physically written to the floppy at the same time you issue the copy command.
suid / nosuid
Permit/Block the operation of suid, and sgid bits.
user / users / nouser
user permits any user to mount the filesystem. This automatically implies noexec, nosuid, nodev unless overridden. If nouser is specified, only root can mount the filesystem. If users is specified, every user in group users will be able to unmount the volume.
owner (This is Linux-specific)
Permit the owner of device to mount.
defaults
Use default settings. Default settings are defined per file system at the file system level. For ext3 file systems these can be set with the tune2fs command. The normal default for Ext3 file systems is equivalent to rw,suid,dev,exec,auto,nouser,async(no acl support). Modern Red Hat based systems set acl support as default on the root file system but not on user created Ext3 file systems. Some file systems such as XFS enable acls by default. Default file system mount attributes can be over ridden in /etc/fstab.
mount -a
This command will mount all (not-yet-mounted) filesystems mentioned in fstab and is used in system script startup during booting. Note that this command will ignore all those entries containing "noauto" in the options section.
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http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/top-linux-monitoring-tools.html
To install on Linux:
[root@deep] /#rpm -ivh foo-1.0-2.i386.rpm
To uninstall a RPM package:
[root@deep] /#rpm -e foo
To upgrade a RPM package:
[root@deep] /#rpm -Uvh foo-1.0-2.i386.rpm
To query a RPM package:
[root@deep] /#rpm -q foo
To display package information:
[root@deep] /#rpm -qi foo
To list files in package:
[root@deep] /#rpm -qlfoo
To check a RPM signature package:
[root@deep] /#rpm --checksig foo
VI Editor:
To do search and replacements inwhole file,
:1,$s/MindMaps/Algorithms
Logical Volume Manager (LVM)
http://linuxconfig.org/Linux_lvm_-_Logical_Volume_Manager
External Links:
1. How to: Compile Linux kernel 2.6
http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/compiling-linux-kernel-26.html
2. Logical Volume Manager http://linuxconfig.org/Linux_lvm_-_Logical_Volume_Manager