This page contains basic fundamentals of Networking and different techniques & protocols being used in Industry.
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is usually a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing. Its role has been characterized as follows: "A name indicates what we seek. An address indicates where it is. A route indicates how to get there."
The designers of the Internet Protocol defined an IP address as a 32-bit number and this system, known as Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4), is still in use today. However, due to the enormous growth of the Internet a new addressing system (IPv6), using 128 bits for the address, was developed in 1995
IP addresses are binary numbers, but they are usually stored in text files and displayed in human-readable notations, such as 172.16.254.1 (for IPv4), and 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1 (for IPv6).
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) manages the IP address space allocations globally and delegates five regional Internet registries (RIRs) to allocate IP address blocks to local Internet registries (Internet service providers) and other entities.
Ques: What is IPV4 and IPV6 address and how to configure them?
External Links:
Books for Networking
1. TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1 The Protocols W. Richard Stevens
2. http://www.slideshare.net/networksguy/networking-basicsppt-3783308
Link:
3. Networking Basic
http://www.e-tutes.com/lesson1/networking_fundamentals_lesson1_1.htm
4. A very good site to know how actually things works:(*****)
For optical fibres : http://communication.howstuffworks.com/fiber-optic-communications/fiber-optic3.htm