Small Business Information

INNOSYS, INC.

3622 West 1820 South Salt Lake City, UT 84104

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Woman-Owned: Yes

Minority-Owned: No

HUBZone-Owned: No

Phase 1

Fiscal Year: 2005

Title: Novel Terahertz Sources for Advanced Terahertz Power: Nanoklystrons and nanoTWTs

Agency / Branch: DOD / USAF

Contract: N/A

Award Amount: $100,000.00

Abstract:

The region of the millimeter and submillimeter-wave frequency bands, from 100 GHz to 3 THz, often referred to as the terahertz region, are some of the least explored and yet information rich regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and are ripe for development. Compact, efficient, and potentially portable terahertz and millimeter wave devices and systems will be needed for a wide variety of DoD and commercial requirements and applications. A promising and tantalizing approach proposed here for achieving relatively high output power, small size and low prime power portable terahertz sources is to apply microfabrication, micromachining and MEMS technology and techniques to the fabrication of vacuum electronic terahertz sources such as highly novel and promising nanoklystrons and nanoTWTs. This will be the primary focus of the proposed STTR effort on novel terahertz sources for advanced terahertz power. A highly experienced submillimeter and terahertz frequency region has been assembled for this terahertz sources STTR effort. High density carbon nanotube arrays will be used as the electron emitter for the nanoklystrons and nanoTWTs.

Principal Investigator:

Larry Sadwick

(801) 975-7399

sadwick@innosystech.com

Business Contact:

Jennifer Hwu

(801) 975-7399

hwu@innosystech.com

Research Institution Information:

NASA-JET PROPULSION LABORATORY

4800 Oak Grove Drive, Mail Stop 180-802

Pasadena, CA 91109

Contact: Theresa Moulse

Contact Phone: (818) 354-4529

RI Type: Federally funded R&D center (FFRDC)

Phase 2

Fiscal Year: 2007

Title: Novel Terahertz Sources for Advanced Terahertz Power: Nanoklystrons and nanoTWTs

Agency / Branch: DOD / USAF

Contract: N/A

Award Amount: $749,615.00

Abstract:

The region of the millimeter and submillimeter-wave frequency bands, from 100 GHz to 3 THz (wavelengths of 3 to 0.1 mm, respectively), are some of the least explored and yet information rich regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. This region of the spectrum, referred to as the terahertz (THz) frequency regime, roughly 300-3000 GHz, is ripe for development. A major impediment to development of applications in this largely unexplored frequency range is the lack of powerful, compact and tunable sources of terahertz radiation that offer monochromatic, stable outputs. Phase stability of a terahertz source combined with output powers in the milliwatt regime or higher will enable, among others, a host of coherent sensing, measurement and power-combining applications. In Phase II of this STTR program we will implement practical, viable and realistic vacuum electronics solutions that result in high quality, high volume manufacturable, compact, affordable, and enabling high power THz products. These THz sources are based on vacuum electronics. Both high power microfabricated electron sources and high power THz sources will be developed, built and implemented in Phase II of STTR program

Principal Investigator:

Larry Sadwick

(801) 975-7399

sadwick@innosystech.com

Business Contact:

Jennifer Hwu

(801) 975-7399

hwu@innosystech.com

Research Institution Information:

Development of a micromachined THz nanoklystron: a status report

(THIS IS FROM 2004 - ONCE AGAIN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AND NATIONAL SECURITY - HAVE ALWAYS KNOWN HOW TO DETECT ANY ILLEGAL IMPLANTED DEVICES DOWN TO THE NANO-SCALE THAT IS WHY - IT WAS STATED IN THE SYNESIS JOURNAL - THAT NANO-SCALE IS VIRTUALLY UNDETECTABLE - WHICH MEAN - NOT UNABLE TO FIND - JUST ALMOST UNABLE TO FIND HENCE THE WORD - VIRTUALLY )

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=1340211

Abstract

Summary form only given. A novel monolithic micro-tube source for submillimeter-wave (0.3 THz, 0.6 THz, 1.2 THz) power generation is being developed at JPL. The tube takes the form of a simple reflex klystron with micrometer range dimensions, nanoklystron, fabricated monolithically in silicon. Nanoklystrons are to be used as local oscillator elements for high-resolution heterodyne spectroscopy instruments and as THz sources for bio-imagers and contraband detectors, high bandwidth communications and atmospheric chemical and biohazard probes. Initial estimates indicate power output in the range of milliwatts at 1.2 THz, which is significantly higher than that possible with other oscillators or multiplier based sources. The device requires an electron gun capable of providing up to a kA/cm². Both cold and hot cathodes are being developed, with cold cathodes being the preferred choice for the eventual stand-alone device. Through a systematic study, "ropes" of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been identified as the most suitable candidate for the electron source. Using MWNTs synthesized on e-beam patterned catalyst arrays with varying parameters (bundle diameter and inter-bundle spacing), a suitable arrangement for high emission currents at low fields has been determined. We can repeatedly generate >1.4 A/cm² at fields as low as <3 V/μm, prior to focusing. The raw emission density can be further increased and this, in combination with beam focusing optics, is expected to achieve the required target current densities. For initial testing, a very high-resolution crossover type hot electron gun has been developed. The gun was designed to deliver ∼0.5 kA/cm² at the repeller of the nanoklystron. The source current density was designed for 16.2 A/cm2. The gun includes three grids, one electrostatic lens and a magnetic lens and is mounted with a 0.6 THz copper constructed nanoklystron with a phosphor screen at the back end. The electron beam was successfully focused onto the phosphor screen behind the device (through the empty repeller hole) in a tunnel of ∼40 μm diameter. A current of 3.4 mA was recorded at the phosphor screen amounting to a current density of ∼270 A/cm². This gun will be used for d- evice testing after a shaped repeller electrode has been installed.

PHOTOELECTRONIC DETECTION AND IMAGING

http://www.ispdiconf.org/en/index.html