qodiaurzi
qodiaurzi
ONE-TONED WORDS 孤調字
A
arr (also, 也)
ex: arr u hii, arr u hee. (有魚也有蝦)
an' (from, 從)
ex: Ix an' Daidangx laii. (他從台東來)
anww (to, 往...)
ex: Anww hiax jauw .kir ar. (往那兒跑走了)
acc (nevertheless, 而)
ex: Ix m jiac, acc liw beh jiac m﹖(他不吃,你吃嗎﹖)
E
en' (along, 沿)
ex: En' lo itdit cue. (沿路一直找)
I
ixx (with/already, 以、已)
ex: ixx liw ee jaidiau (以你的才能)
iarr (also, 也) = arr
iaxx (still, 還)
ex: Guaw iaxx be kunr. (我還沒睡覺)
iauxx (still, 還) = iaxx
iacc (or, 或)
ex: Ix si Daiuanlangg iacc si Diongqoklangg?
(他是台灣人或是中國人？)
iokk (more or less, 大約)
ex: iokk nng-vah gua kox. (約二百多塊)
iu' (from, 由...)
ex: iu' liw ee binrcniux knuar .cud .laii.
(由你的臉色看出來)
iurr (again, 又)
ex: iurr si lyhhormii (又是雨夜)
ingxx (eternal, 終究)
ex: Langg ingxx e siw jit vaiw. (人總會死一次)
U
uirr (for, 為)
ex: uirr jnii vniar mia. (為錢拼命)
M
marr (also, 也)
ex: Liw beh kir, guaw marr beh kir. (你要去,我要也去)
muixx (every/each, 每)
ex: muixx zit (每天)
N
narr (if, 若)
ex: Liw narr m air, dyrr qinw qongw.
(你若不喜歡就快說)
naxx (as if; similar to/ ~ while doing sth., 像、一邊...一邊)
ex: naxx urngiaw .ee lehh. (像真的一樣)
ex: naxx qniaa naxx hauw. (邊走邊哭)
nacc (why/how come, 豈、何必、為什麼)
ex: nacc hiacc byy lexsor. (怎麼那麼沒禮貌)
ex: nacc u jitt kuanw dairjir? (豈有這回事)
nirr (in; on, 裡、麼)
ex: diamr cur nirr danw. (在家裡等)
V
vadd (another, 別)
ex: vadd langg (別人)
venww (everywhere; all around, 全、遍)
ex: venww de (遍地)， venww Daiuann (全台灣)
virr (sign of the passive, 被)
ex: virr langg pywhuai. (被人破壞)
vingrr (really, 並)
ex: vingrr byy hiacc baiw. (並沒那麼壞)
vin' (according to, 憑)
ex: vin' liw ee sidlik. (憑你的實力)
P
pen' (to wish and desire obstinately, 偏偏)
ex: Guaw pen' m kir. (我偏偏不去)
B
bongxx (so-so/just will do, 姑且)
ex: bongxx qongw, bongxx tniax. (姑妄言之妄聽之)
L
lenrr (even, 連)
ex: Lenrr laursux marr berhiauw. (連老師也不懂)
lecc (prefix to verbs, expressing the continuance or present doing of the action, 正在)
ex: Ix lecc sew sinkux. (他在洗澡)
lehh (an enclitic affix after some verbs, 著、呢)
ex:danw lehh ﹗(等著﹗)
ex:Guaw byy lecc gong lehh. (我才不笨呢)
longxx (all, 都、全部)
ex: longxx si guaw m hyw. (都是我不好)
T
taiww (too much, 太)
ex: taiww byy iwsur. (太沒意思)
tingww (allow someone to have his own way, 可以)
ex: Byy jnii marr tingww knuar hnir. (沒錢也可以看戲)
tong' (all, 所有)
ex: tong' langg longxx jaix. (所有人都知道)
D
dan' (only, 僅、只)
ex: dan' go xee langg qibqeh. (只有五個人及格)
dagg (every, 每)
ex: dagg vaiw (每次)，dagg xee langg (每個人)
dy' (all/altogether, 都)
ex: Guaw qongw, ix dy' m tniax. (我告訴他,他都不聽)
dyrr (just so, 就)
ex: jyr m driyc dyrr hue sitlew. (做錯就道歉)
dyww (on the contrary, 反而)
ex: anxnex qniaa dyww hng. (這樣走反而遠)
dycc (which one, 哪)
ex: dycc jit vingg? (哪一邊)
dyhh (where, 哪兒、何處)
ex: ginxaw bih dirr dyhh? (小孩藏在哪兒﹖)
derr (order/rank [prefix for ordinal numbers], 第)
ex: derr snax (第三)，derr buew (最後的)
decc (prefix to verbs, expressing the continuance or present doing of the action, 正在) = lecc
dirr (at/in, 在)
ex: dirr haghau (在學校)
diyhh (ought to, 應該、必須)
ex: Liw diyhh sewzi. (你要小心)
dogg (only/solely, 單單、獨獨)
ex: dogg liw jit xee langg huanxduir. (獨獨你一人反對)
duxx (just right; just now, 剛好、剛剛)
ex: Ix duxx zip mngg. (他剛進門)
dui' (from, 從...)
ex: dui' jinw kaisiw. (從現在開始)
duiww (to, 往、向)
ex: Larhiyc vuex duiww hitt vingg kir. (老鷹飛往那邊去)
dng' (just now/just about; just then, 正在、當...)
ex: zidtauu dng' iam. (太陽正熱時)
dngrr (not in the least, 毫無)
ex: jenjingg dngrr vnuar zri. (毫無舊情)
dnaxx (now, 現在、如今，引起注意的句首詞)
ex: dnaxx tnix ixqingx amr ar. (天色已暗)
Q
qaxx (structural article: used before a verb or adjective, ...得)
ex: hnuahiw qaxx lrauu bagsaiw. (高興得掉眼淚)
qaiww (very, 很、非常)
ex: qaiww qysiongw. (很高尚)
qangrr (with, 與) = qapp
ex: qangrr liw byy dirdai. (與你無干)
qangxx (approximately, 上...、約...)
ex: qangxx cingx langg. (上千人)
qamxx (an initial interrogative particle, 疑問詞)
ex: qamxx u jitt hy dairjir? (有這種事嗎﹖)
qapp (and, 與)
ex: qamx-aw qapp siquex. (橘子與西瓜)
qacc (since, 既然)
ex: Ix qacc m jiac, liw dyrr mair juw.
(他既然不吃，你就不要煮)
qycc (again; also; besides, 又、更、即使)
ex: qycc jit vaiw (再一次)
qenww (every time, 每次...都)
ex: qenww qnir bin dyrr uanqex. (每次見面就吵架)
qingww (even more, 更)
ex: qingww guihiamw (更危險)
qo' (only; alone, 僅、單單)
ex: qo' liw jit xee langg dirr cur nirr. (僅你一人在家)
qorr (to use, 用)
ex: qorr huew siyx (用火燒)
qongxx (that, 說...，引起子句)
ex: Guaw sniu qongxx liw m kir. (我以為你不去)
qokk (each, 各)
ex: qokk qog (各國)， qokk langg (各人)
quaww (including, 連...一併)
ex: quaww puee jiac .lyc .kir. (連皮吃下去)
K
kacc (more, 較、再怎麼...也)
ex: kacc dnix (比較甜)， kacc qiamm (比較鹹)
ex:kacc qongw arr si byy loring. (再怎麼說也沒用)
kiycc (yet, 卻)
ex: u jnii kiycc byy sinmia ing. (有錢卻無法消受)
kiokk (yet, 卻) = kiycc
J
jairr (in, 在、依...而言)
ex: jairr bang diongx (在夢中)
jairr liw laii qongw (依你而言)
jaiww (over again, 再)
ex: jaiww sionghongg (再相逢)
jyww (do anything as you like, 儘管)
ex: jyww liw qongw. (你儘管說)
ji' (of, 之)
ex: byjingg ji' bang (無情之夢)
jiww (to/until, 至)
ex: ce'id jiww jap-go (初一至十五)
jiauww (according to, 按照)
ex: jiauww liw soxx qongw (照你所說)
jiamrr (gradually, 漸)
ex: zidtauu jiamrr honghunx (太陽漸黃昏)
jiacc (so; then, 這麼、才)
ex: qinaxzit nacc e jiacc qnuaa. (今天怎會這麼冷)
ex: u qenrkongx jiacc u hingrhog. (有健康才有幸福)
jiong' (to use, 將、把)
ex: jiong' simx viw simx. (將心比心)
jiongww (all; various, 眾、諸)
ex: jiongww sinn (眾神)，jiongww vorlok (眾部落)
jiokk (very, 非常、很)
ex: jiokk qauxquair (很頑皮)
jiurr (according to, 就...而言、就)
ex: jiurr liw soxx jaix :ee laii qongw (就你所知的來說)
jingrr (from, 從...時間) = jurr
ex: jingrr jahngx qaur dnaxx (從昨晚到現在)
jin' (very, 很)
ex: jin' hnuahiw (很高興)，jin' qngx (很亮)
jitt (this, 這)
ex: jitt diauu (這條)，jitt vingg (這邊)
jokk (very, 非常、很) = jiokk
jurr (from, 自...、用...)
ex: jurr jahngx qaur dnaxx (從昨晚到現在)
jueww (the most, 最)
ex: jueww uixdai (最偉大)
jnia' (approximately/very, 約、上、很)
ex: jnia' cingx langg (上千人) jnia' gauu (很)
C
cam' (with, 與、跟)
ex: Guaw cam' liw kir. (我跟你去)
cuanww (accustomed, 每次都...)
ex: cuanww qongw longxx pnaixue. (每次都說壞話)
cniurr (like/alike/similar/as if, 好像)
ex: zinsingx cniurr binbang. (人生好像夢)
H
ham' (with, 與、跟) = cam'
hiacc (so, 那麼)
ex: nacc e hiacc qiamm? (怎麼那麼鹹)
hitt (that, 那)
ex: hitt vingg snuax, hitt diauu kejuiw (那座山，那條河)
huanrr (to belong to, 各自歸屬不相干)
ex: hii huanrr hii, hee huanrr hee (路歸路，橋歸橋)
huanxx (on the contrary, 反而)
ex: huanxx kacc hyw (反而比較好)
S
sen' (no matter what, 無論如何、怎麼...也)
ex: sen' qongw dy' berhiauw (怎麼說都不懂)
siy' (mutually, 互相)
ex: siy' me (相罵，吵架)，siy' jundiong (互相尊重)
siongrr (the most, 最) = jueww
ex: siongrr hyw (最好)，siongrr uixdai (最偉大)
siurr (受)
ex: siurr langg senwdong. (受人煽動)
soxx (所)
ex: simx soxx air ee langg (心所愛的人)
suxx (to cause, 使)
ex: suxx langg siurkir. (使人生氣)
suacc (unexpectedly, 竟然)
ex: sniu be qaur suacc lyc ho. (想不到竟然下雨)
sui' (act according to each one; immediately, 各、馬上)
ex: sui' langg qor qadi. (各自照顧自己)
ex: sui' qongw sui' jyr. (馬上說馬上做)
sna' (mutually, 互相) = siy'
ex: sniu' (太) sniu' quewhun (太過份)，sniu' siyx (太熱)
Z
zuxx (the more..., the more..., 愈)
ex: zuxx laii zuxx qenqiongg. (愈來愈堅強)
zuarr (how many/how much; so much, 多、何等)
ex: zuarr je jnii? (多少錢)
zuarr aw nirr quaikaw! (多麼乖巧)