Animal Studies

Animal sources:

1. Species: Vertebrate: Rat, Mouse, Monkey; Drosophila; Xenopus; C. elegans; Hydra vulgaris; Sea urchin

2. Mice:

   1. Strains: WT, NOD-SCID: Jax, C. River; NGS; athymic(nu/nu), Rag2-/-, SCID, NOD/SCID, NSG (γ-chain KO), B2m-NSG

   2. Mouse ages: Fetal, Neonatal, Yourng, adult

3. Animal providers:  Jackson Lab, Charles River

Lab animal handling:

• • Basic biomethodology for lab mice

Animal treatment:

• Dosing: IV, Footpag, Muscular, Dermal, IP, Oral gavages, SC, Intratumor, Mammary fatpad, Intracardiac

• Cell injection: Pancreatic, Prostate, Hepatic, Rectal, Splenic, Cardiac, Intra-mammary fatpad

• Bleeding: Retro-orbital 眼窝后, Cardiac puncture, Tail bleeding

• Immunization: Cells, Adjuvant

• Anesthesia: Ketamine; Isoflurance; Avertin; Buprenorphine

• Tumor volume; Ear tagging; IVIS; Ascites; Irradiate cells/animals

• Ab amount = Mg/kg (ug/g) x Body weight x Times/wk x Weeks x Groups x Models

Pharmacodynamics (PD, 药效学) is the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body or on microorganisms or parasites within or on the body and the mechanisms of drug action and the relationship between drug concentration and effect. Pharmacodynamics is often summarized as the study of what a drug does to the body, whereas pharmacokinetics is the study of what the body does to a drug.

Pharmacokinetics (PK, 药代动力学) includes the study of the mechanisms of absorption and distribution of an administered drug, the chemical changes of the substance in the body, and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug. Pharmacokinetics is divided into several areas including the extent and rate of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.