Ping
TTL :
128 - Windows Machine
64 - Linux Machine
255 - Router1, 254- Router2, 253-Router3
resulted ping TTL - nearby upper value from above list = Number of hopes
Time:
If the time is above 150ms for continues we can ensure there is some connectivity issue
Attack with bytes
ping -l 1024 ipaddress -t : It send high size request to destination server, so doing like from multiple server is consider an attach
CIDR