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Primate Linguistics
(LINGUAE, Institut Jean-Nicod, CNRS; New York University)
ESSLLI, August 3-7, 2015, Barcelona
Instructor: Philippe Schlenker
Directeur de Recherche, Institut Jean-Nicod, Paris
Global Distinguished Professor, New York University
Advanced Grant Leader, ERC
E-mail: philippe.schlenker@gmail.com
Topic
In the last 40 years, field experiments in primatology have yielded rich data on the form and function of non-human primate alarm calls. We will review extant results and argue by way of case studies that these data are ripe for explicit formal models using the techniques of contemporary linguistics. While this methodological goal is largely independent from the issue of the evolutionary connection between human and primate languages, we will show that within some subfamilies (=cercopitheci), an 'evolutionary linguistics' could be developed, thanks to the extraordinary conservation of call form and function across millions of years. Following the methods outlined in Schlenker et al. 2014, we will develop fragments for call systems found in Old World monkeys (Campbell's monkeys, Putty-nosed monkeys, Black-and-White/King Colobus monkeys) and New World monkeys (Titis), and we will discuss recent results pertaining to the alarm calls and communicative gestures of apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas).
Requirements
(i) Read the assigned papers.
(ii) Participate actively!
Sessions and Readings (still tentative; to be adapted as we go)
Note: the readings and slides will be made available in this Dropbox folder.
Introduction.
Zuberbühler 2009
Links:
Radio program with a discussion of alarm calls in primates [France Inter, in French]
Vervets and calls [BBC]
Vervet calls [BBC]
Campbell's monkeys
Schlenker et al. 2014 ('Monkey Semantics'; Linguistics & Philosophy 2014)
Optional (Campbell's calls): Ouattara et al. 2009a and Ouattara et al. 2009b: less recent and less formal than Schlenker et al. 2014
Optional (bird grammar): Berwick et al. 2011
Links:
Examples of Campbell's calls (BBC)
Early lecture on Campbell's semantics
Putty-nosed monkeys
Schlenker et al. to appear ('Pyow-Hack Revisited'; to appear in Lingua)
Arnold and Zuberbühler 2012.
Optional: Pappworth et al. 2008
Links:
Examples of Putty-nosed monkey calls [Nature]
Black-and-White Colobus monkeys at the St Louis zoo
Black-and-White Colobus monkeys (Guereza) in the wild
Example of a Black-and-White Colobus monkey male roar
Example of a Colobus monkey (Guereza) morning chorus
Black-and-White Colobus monkeys (Polykomos) in the wild
Titi monkeys
Cäsar et al. 2013
Schlenker et al. 2015 (Titi Semantics: Context and Meaning in Titi Monkey Alarm Calls)
Links: General presentation of long-range calls in other Titi monkeys
Apes
Hobaiter and Byrne 2011
Optional: Vocal communication in Chimpanzees: Slocombe and Zuberbühler 2010 'Signing' Chimpanzees: Rivas 2005 [for a very brief summary of work on signing apes, see the end of Jensvold 2009]. Recent advances in gestures: Hobaiter and Byrne 2014.
Links
Klaus Zuberbühler's summary of Primate Communication
Audio-visual materials from Klaus Zuberbühler's group
Tutorial on the dance language of bees
Initial References
(Some relevant articles will be made available by way of a shared Dropbox folder.)
Arnold, Kate, Lemasson, Alban, and Zuberbühler, Klaus: 2013, Population differences in combinatorial calling of wild Campbell's monkeys. Manuscript, University of St Andrews.
Arnold, Kate, Pohlner, Y., & Zuberbühler, Klaus: 2008, A forest monkeys alarm calls to predator models. Behavioral. Ecology and Sociobiology, 62, 549–559.
Arnold, Kate and Zuberbühler, Klaus: 2012, Call combinations in monkeys: Compositional or idiomatic expressions?, Brain and Language, 120, 3: 303-309, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2011.10.001.
Arnold , K & Zuberbühler , K: 2013, Female putty-nosed monkeys use experimentally altered contextual information to disambiguate the cause of male alarm calls. PLoS One , vol 8 , no. 6 , e65660 .
Berwick RC, Okanoya K, Beckers GJ, Bolhuis JJ.: 2011, Songs to Syntax: the Linguistics of Birdsongs. Trends in Cognitive Science 15(3):113-21
Cäsar, Cristiane, Byrne, Richard, Young, Robert J. and Zuberbühler, Klaus: 2012, The alarm call system of wild black-fronted titi monkeys, Callicebus nigrifrons Behav Ecol Sociobiol, 66:653–667
Cheney, Dorothy and Seyfarth, Robert: 1990, How Monkeys See The World: Inside The Mind Of Another Species. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Chierchia, Gennaro, Danny Fox, and Benjamin Spector. To appear. The Grammatical View of Scalar Implicatures and the Relationship between Semantics and Pragmatics. In Semantics: An International Handbook of Natural Language Meaning, ed. Paul Portner, Claudia Maienborn, and Klaus von Heusinger. Berlin, NewYork: Mouton de Gruyter.
Dyer, Fred D.: 2002, The Biology of the Dance Language. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2002. 47:917–49
Fichtel C, Kappeler P. 2002. Anti-predator behavior of group-living Malagasy primates: mixed evidence for a referential alarm call system. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 51:262–275.
Fleiss, Joseph L.: 1981, Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions. New York: John Wiley and Sons
Gautier, Jean-Pierre: 1989, A redrawn phylogeny of guenons based upon their calls – biogeographical implications. Bioacoustics: The International Journal of Animal Sound and its Recording, 2:1, 11-21
Gautier-Hion, Annie, Colyn, Annie and Gautier, Jean-Pierre : Histoire naturelle des primates d'Afrique Centrale, ECOFAC, 1999 [pdf]
Grice, Paul: 1975, Logic and conversation. In Syntax and Semantics, 3: Speech Acts, ed. P. Cole & J. Morgan. New York: Academic Press.
Fitch, W. T., & Hauser, M. D.: 2004, Computational constraints on syntactic processing in a nonhuman primate. Science, 303, 377-380.
Hobaiter, Catherine and Byrne, Richard: 2011, The Gestural Repertoire of the Wild Chimpanzee, Anim Cogn DOI 10.1007/s10071-011-0409-2
Horn, Laurence R.: 1972, On the Semantic Properties of Logical Operators in English, PhD thesis, University of California, LA.
Lachlan R.F.: 2005, Bird song dialects. In: The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. 2nd Edition K. Brown (ed). Elsevier, Oxford UK, p. 538.
Landis, J. Richard, and Gary G. Koch: 1977, The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33: 159-174.
Lemasson, A., Glas, L., Barbu, S., Lacroix, A., Guilloux, M., Remeuf, K., Koda, H.: 2011a, Youngsters do not pay attention to conversational rules: also in nonhuman primates? Nature Scientific reports 1, 22.
Lemasson, A., & Hausberger, M.: 2011, Acoustic variability and social significance of calls in female Campbell’s monkeys (Cercopithecus campbelli campbelli). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 129(5), 3341-3352.
Lemasson, A., Ouattara, K., Bouchet, H., Zuberbühler, K.: 2010, Speed of call delivery is related to context and caller identity in Campbell’s monkey males. Naturwissenschaften, 97, 11, 1023-1027.
Lemasson, A., Ouattara, K., Petit, E., Zuberbühler, K.: 2011b, . Social learning of vocal structure in a nonhuman primate? BMC Evolutionary Biology 11: 362.
Lemasson, A., Zuberbühler, K. & Hausberger, M.: 2005, Socially meaningful vocal plasticity in Campbell’s monkeys. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 119 (2), 220-229.
Lemasson A.: 2011, What can forest guenons « tell » us about the origin of language? In: Vilain A, Schwartz J-L, Abry C, Jauclair J, editors. Primate Communication and Human Language: Vocalisation, gestures, imitation and deixis in humans and non-humans. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. 39–70.
Magri, Giorgio: 2009, A theory of individual-level predicates based on blind mandatory scalar implicatures. In Natural Language Semantics, 17.3; pp. 245-297.
Marshall, A., Wrangham, R. & Clark Arcadi, A. 1999. Does learning affect the structure of vocalizations in chimpanzees? Animal Behaviour, 58, 825-830.
Ouattara, K., Lemasson, A. & Zuberbühler, K. 2009a. Campbell’s monkeys use affixation to alter call meaning. PLoS ONE, 4, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.
Ouattara, K., Lemasson, A. & Zuberbühler, K. 2009b. Campbell’s monkeys concatenate vocalizations into context-specific call sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 106, 51, pp. 22026-22031
Ouattara K, Zuberbühler, N’Goran EK, Gombert J-E, Lemasson A, 2009c. The alarm call system of female Campbell’s monkeys. Anim. Behav. 78: 35–44.
Perelman, Polina, Warren E. Johnson, Christian Roos, Hector N. Seuánez, Julie E. Horvath, Miguel AM Moreira, Bailey Kessing et al.: 2011, A molecular phylogeny of living primates. PLoS genetics 7, no. 3: e1001342.
Schlenker, Philippe: to appear, The Semantics/Pragmatics Interface. To appear in M. Aloni & P. Dekker (eds.) Cambridge Handbook of Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Seyfarth RM, Cheney DL: 1986, Vocal development in vervet monkeys. Anim Behav 34: 1640–1658.
Seyfarth RM, Cheney DL, and Marler P.: 1980a, Monkey responses to three different alarm calls: evidence of predator classification and semantic communication. Science 210:801–803.
Seyfarth RM, Cheney DL, Marler P. 1980b.Vervet monkey alarm calls: semantic communication in a free-ranging primate. Anim Behav 28:1070–1094.
Stalnaker, Robert C. 2002. Common ground. Linguistics and Philosophy 25: 701-21.
Skyrms, Brian: 1996, Evolution and the Social Contract. Cambridge University Press.
Spector, Benjamin: 2007, Aspects of the pragmatics of plural morphology: On higher-order implicatures. In Uli Sauerland and Penka Stateva (eds.), Presupposition and Implicature in Compositional Semantics, pages 243-281. PalgraveMacmillan, Houndsmills.
Stephan C, Zuberbühler K.: 2008, Predation increases acoustic complexity in primate alarm calls. Biol Lett 4:641–644
C.N. Templeton, Erick Greene, Kate Davis, 2005. Allometry of alarm calls: black-capped chickadees encode information about predator size. Science 308:1934-1937
Wheeler, B.C. & Fischer, J. (2012) Functionally referential signals: a promising paradigm whose time has passed. Evolutionary Anthropology 21: 195-205.
Zuberbühler, Klaus: 2000, Interspecies semantic communication in two forest primates. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Ser B Biol Sci 267:713–718
Zuberbühler, Klaus: 2002,A syntactic rule in forest monkey communication. Animal Behaviour 63 (2), 293-299
Zuberbühler, K.: 2003, Referential signalling in non-human primates: cognitive precursors and limitations for the evolution of language. Advances in the Study of Behavior, 33, 265–307
Zuberbühler, K.: 2009,Survivor Signals: The Biology and Psychology of Animal Alarm Calling. Advances in the Study of Behavior, Vol 40, 40, 277-322
Apes
Gibbon interacting with tigers
Bonobo food calls [go to Audio S1 - Audio S2]
'Signing' Apes
Bonobos using lexigrams
'Kanzi, an Ape of Genius' (NHK)
Kanzi on Anderson Cooper's 360
Beyond Primates
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