Presupposition
(LINGUAE, Institut Jean-Nicod, CNRS; New York University)
Cogmaster, December 2015-January 2016 (LC2)
Instructor: Philippe Schlenker
Directeur de Recherche, Institut Jean-Nicod, Paris
Global Distinguished Professor, New York University
Euryi Project Leader, ESF; Advanced Grant Leader, ERC
E-mail: philippe.schlenker@gmail.com
Teaching Assistant: Jeremy Kuhn, Institut Jean-Nicod
E-mail: jeremy.d.kuhn@gmail.com
Topic
In the 1980's, the analysis of 'presupposition projection' led to the development of a new and more powerful type of semantics, called 'dynamic semantics'. In recent years, pragmatic alternatives within classical semantics were developed. We will provide an introduction to this debate, first by developing an explicit 'dynamic semantics' for presuppositions , and then by developing a pragmatic alternative to it, the 'Transparency Theory'.
Requirements
Besides active class participation:
(i) read the assigned papers;
(ii) formal exercises will be assigned.
Slides, Problem Sets and Readings: they are available in this Dropbox folder.
Sessions (still tentative; to be adapted as we go)
Monday,
January 15, 2016
Monday,
January 7, 2016
Monday, December 14, 2015
Dynamic Semantics I
Readings: Schlenker 2011 'Two Theory of Local Contexts', Part I only
Optional: Heim 1983 [pdf]
Problem Set #1 is now available in the Dropbox folder.
Dynamic Semantics II. Transparency Theory I
Readings: Schlenker, to appear, Section 3
Optional: : Schlenker 2008, Be Articulate
Problem Set #2 is now available in the Dropbox folder.
Readings: Schlenker, to appear, Section 3
Optional: : Schlenker 2008, Be Articulate; Chemla and Schlenker 2012
For later: Chemla 2009, Chemla and Bott to appear.
Problem Set #3 is now available in the Dropbox folder.
Extended deadline: Sunday, January 17, 9pm
Basic Readings on Presuppositions
• Origins of the Dynamic Approach
Heim, I.: 1983, On the Projection Problem for Presuppositions. In D. Flickinger et al. (eds), Proceedings of the Second West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, 114-125. Reprinted in Davis, S. (ed): 1991, Pragmatics: A Reader, Oxford University Press [pdf]
Stalnaker, R.: 1974, Pragmatic Presuppositions. In Munitz, M. and Unger, P. (eds.) Semantics and Philosophy. New York: New York University Press. Reprinted in Davis, S. (ed): 1991, Pragmatics: A Reader, Oxford University Press. [pdf]
Karttunen, L.: 1974, Presupposition and Linguistic Context. Theoretical Linguistics 1: 181-194. Reprinted in Davis (ed): 1991, Pragmatics: A Reader, Oxford University Press. [pdf]
• Presuppositions
Geurts, B.: 1999, Presupposition and Pronouns. Elsevier. Some chapters are available here:
Chapter one: Presupposition
Chapter two: The binding theory
Chapter four: Dynamic semantics
Chapter six: Modals
Kadmon, N.: 2001, Formal Pragmatics. Blackwell.
Heim, I.: 1990, Presupposition Projection. In R. van der Sandt (ed.) "Presupposition, Lexical Meaning and Discourse Processes: Workshop Reader," University of Nijmegen, 1990. Available here through Semantics Archive.
Additional Readings on Presuppositions
Be Articulate and Local Contexts
Schlenker, P.: 2008, "Be Articulate: A Pragmatic Theory of Presupposition Projection". Theoretical Linguistics 34:3, 157-212 [pdf]
Schlenker, P.: 2009, "Local Contexts". Semantics and Pragmatics 2, 3: 1–78, 2009 [pdf]
Schlenker, P.: 2010, "Presuppositions and Local Contexts". Mind 2010 [pdf] (short and relatively non-technical)
Schlenker, Philippe: 2011, “Presupposition Projection: Two Theories of Local Contexts – Part I”. Language and Linguistics Compass 5, 12: 848–857, DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-818X.2011.00299.x
Schlenker, Philippe: 2011, “Presupposition Projection: Two Theories of Local Contexts – Part II”. Language and Linguistics Compass 5, 12: 858–879 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-818X.2011.00300.x
Trivalence
Fox, Danny (2008) Two short notes on Schlenker’s theory of presupposition projection. Theoretical Linguistics 34, 3: 237-252 [pdf]
George, B. R. (2008) 'Presupposition Repairs: a Static, Trivalent Approach to Predicting Projection’, M.A. thesis, UCLA. [pdf]
George, B. R. (2008) ‘Predicting Presupposition Projection: some alternatives in the strong Kleene tradition’, manuscript, UCLA. [pdf]
Peters, S.: 1979, A Truth-Conditional Formulation of Karttunen's Account of Presupposition. Synthese 40, 2: 301-316 [pdf]
Experimental Approaches
Chemla, Emmanuel (2009). "Presuppositions of quantified sentences: experimental data". Natural Language Semantics 17(4), pp 299-340, doi:10.1007/s11050-009-9043-9 [pdf]
Chemla, Emmanuel and Lewis Bott (in press). "Processing presuppositions: dynamic semantics vs pragmatic enrichment". Language and Cognitive Processes. [pdf]
Chemla, Emmanuel and Schlenker, Philippe (2012). "Incremental vs. Symmetric Accounts of Presupposition Projection: An Experimental Approach". Natural Language Semantics 20(2), pp 177-226, doi:10.1007/s11050-012-9080-7. [pdf]
Further topics
• Maximize Presupposition
Singh, Raj (2010) "Maximize Presupposition! and Local Contexts" [pdf] Accepted with minor revisions in Natural Language Semantics.
Percus, Orin (2006) "Antipresuppositions". [pdf] In A. Ueyama(ed.), Theoretical and Empirical Studies of Reference and Anaphora: Toward the establishment of generative grammar as an empirical science, Report of the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Project No. 15320052, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 52-73
• Triggering Problem
Abrusan, Marta (2010) "Triggering Verbal Presuppositions" [pdf] Manuscript, Oxford.
• The DRT Alternative to Dynamic Semantics
van der Sandt, R.: 1992, Presupposition Projection as Anaphora Resolution. Journal of Semantics: 9: 333-377 [pdf]
• Formal Properties of the Transparency Theory
Schlenker, P.: 2007, Anti-Dynamics: Presupposition Projection Without Dynamic Semantics. Journal of Logic, Language and Information 16, 3: 325-256 (32 pages)
• Other papers in the trivalent tradition
Beaver, D. and Krahmer, E.: 2001, A Partial Account of Presupposition Projection. Journal of Logic, Language and Information 10, 2. Available here.
• Accommodation
Beaver, D. and Zeevat, H.: to appear, Accommodation. In Ramchand, G. and C. Reiss (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Interfaces, Oxford University Press.
• General Survey
Beaver, D.: 1997: Presupposition. In J. van Benthem and A. ter Meulen (eds.), The Handbook of Logic and Language, Elsevier, pp. 939-1008.