Post date: Nov 28, 2016 4:21:24 PM
William Smith "...
My advice would be to look into support vector machine learning, it is widely used for your application and seems to be effective, for example: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4463647/. Particular advantages of this method are the robustness and low computational load, all key if you want to make this mobile.
Unfortunately I don't know of any plug and play software for this, but http://www.svms.org/ is an excellent place to get started and the LIBSVM software library would be a potentially good place to start pulling something together as they have some simple examples in Python which is useful if you want to work on the Arduino.
Arduino SVM in particular might be useful for direct usage