Ohio has two kinds of speed limits. Some can be challenged by showing your speed was reasonable for the conditions. Others cannot. This page explains the difference, what a speeding ticket must say, and what to do if you get one.
Ohio law says no one may drive "at a speed greater or less than is reasonable or proper, having due regard to the traffic, surface, and width of the street or highway and any other conditions." You also may not drive faster than lets you stop "within the assured clear distance ahead" (R.C. 4511.21(A)). This means you can get a ticket even when you are under the posted limit, for example on ice.
"Prima facie" means "at first view." For many roads, the law says a speed at or under the listed number is presumed lawful, and a speed over it is presumed unlawful (R.C. 4511.21(B) and (C)). Examples from the statute:
20 mph in school zones at the times the law sets (4511.21(B)(1)(a))
25 mph in most parts of a city or village (4511.21(B)(2))
35 mph on state routes or through highways inside a city or village, outside business districts (4511.21(B)(3))
The Supreme Court of Ohio has held that going over a prima facie limit creates only a "rebuttable presumption." You may try to overcome it with evidence that, under the conditions, your speed "was neither excessive nor unreasonable" (Bellville v. Kieffaber, 2007-Ohio-3763, syllabus and paras. 17, 21-22, following Cleveland v. Keah, 157 Ohio St. 331 (1952)). Whether a speed was reasonable is a question of fact for the judge or jury (State v. Hamad, 2009-Ohio-3693, para. 11, quoting State v. Neff, 41 Ohio St.2d 17 (1975)).
Important: you need actual evidence. In Kieffaber, the driver did not testify or present witnesses or evidence, so the presumption stood and his conviction was affirmed (paras. 21, 23). Evidence might include your own testimony about road, weather, and traffic conditions, photos, or witnesses.
Some limits are absolute. The law says "No person shall operate a motor vehicle ... upon a street or highway" above these speeds (R.C. 4511.21(D)):
55 mph, except on the roads listed below ((D)(1))
60 mph on certain two-lane state routes and rural highways ((D)(2))
65 mph on certain rural expressways and freeways ((D)(3))
70 mph on the freeways listed in (B)(14) ((D)(4))
a posted limit the Director of Transportation has declared under divisions (I)(2) or (L)(2) ((D)(5))
It is "unlawful" to exceed these limits (4511.21(C)). An Ohio appeals court has said a violation of division (D) "constitutes a per se violation," meaning a reasonableness defense does not apply (Hamad, para. 10).
What courts have said about "there is no fixed speed limit in Ohio": some older Ohio cases from the 1960s said this. The statute today contains the absolute limits listed above, so that statement does not describe current law.
The charge must state "the time, place, and speed at which the defendant is alleged to have driven," and, for a prima facie charge, the prima facie speed that applies (R.C. 4511.21(E)). An assured-clear-distance charge does not need to state a speed.
A ticket does not have to say your speed was "unreasonable" or have the "unsafe for conditions" box checked. The Supreme Court of Ohio held that a citation giving notice of the prima facie offense and the basic facts "includes all the necessary elements of the offense even if the citation does not also allege that the speed is unreasonable for existing conditions" (Kieffaber, syllabus). Older cases that said otherwise should not be relied on.
Most speeding violations are minor misdemeanors (4511.21(P)(1)(a)).
Repeat violations within one year raise the level of the offense (4511.21(P)(1)(b)-(c)).
It is a fourth-degree misdemeanor to drive over 35 mph in a business district, over 50 mph in other parts of a city or village, or over 35 mph in a school zone during the restricted times (4511.21(P)(2)).
Fines are doubled in a posted construction zone, unless an indigent offender shows inability to pay (4511.21(P)(3)).
Points may be added to your license; the statute refers to R.C. 4510.036 for how points are assessed (4511.21(G)). Check that section or the BMV for the current point values.
A conviction is reported to the Bureau of Motor Vehicles and becomes part of your driving record (Traf.R. 8(D)(5)).
Owners of certain private residential roads (20 or more dwelling units) may set and post a speed limit of at least 25 mph, which police may enforce (R.C. 4511.211).
The speed limits in 4511.21 do not apply to emergency or public safety vehicles responding to an emergency call with lights and siren, but those drivers must still drive with "due regard for the safety of all persons" (R.C. 4511.24).
Note your court date and whether the ticket says a court appearance is required. Missing court can have serious consequences, which vary by court. Call the clerk if unsure.
Paying is pleading guilty. A court's violations bureau accepts "appearance, waiver of trial, plea of guilty, and payment of fine and costs" (Traf.R. 13(A)).
Identify which kind of limit you are charged under. Look at the code section on the ticket. A prima facie charge can be defended with evidence of reasonable speed; an absolute (D) charge cannot be defended that way.
Gather evidence early if you plan to argue your speed was reasonable: road and weather conditions, traffic, time of day, photos, witnesses.
Need more time? Ask in writing. A continuance is granted only on a written motion stating the reason (Traf.R. 18). Your court may have its own deadline for this.
Watch motion deadlines. Pretrial motions are due within 35 days after arraignment or 7 days before trial, whichever is earlier, unless the court extends the time (Traf.R. 11(C)). Missing the deadline usually waives the objection (Traf.R. 11(F)).
Know your right to a lawyer. At arraignment the judge must tell you that you have a right to a lawyer and to a reasonable continuance to get one, and to an appointed lawyer under Crim.R. 44 if you cannot afford one (Traf.R. 8(D)(1)). For a petty offense, if you cannot get a lawyer, the court may not impose jail unless you knowingly waive appointed counsel (Crim.R. 44(B)).
R.C. 4511.21 (version effective June 30, 2025)
R.C. 4510.036 (referenced, not summarized here)
Ohio Traffic Rules, Rules 8, 13, 18, 20
Ohio Rules of Criminal Procedure, Rules 12 and 44
Last verified: 2026-10-13