Below are some actual examples of projects I have run, and the priorities for each of them (at kick off). Developing these weighed many complex variables, but you can get an idea of the difference in emphasis by the examples below.
It is also easy to see that someone from one environment may have learned how to optimize characteristics that would not be valued in another.
Avionics for low rate military aircraft avionics.
Specification Compliance
Process
Non Recurring Costs
Resource Constraints
Schedule
Technical Performance
Recurring Costs
Designed for Buses, Trained Operators. State of the art system, to be reused in future installations. Fleet Sizes of up to 4000.
Recurring Cost
Technical Performance
Non Recurring Costs
Schedule
Resource Constraints
Specification
Process
Internally funded, and not much money, actually
Poor Staff Availability
Customers were Far More Interested in Overall Performance Issues Than Raw Spec Compliance
Customer has simulators, first application really requiring this function still two years away. Will buy when the price is right
Product needs to function in wide variety of applications
Non Recurring Costs
Resource Constraints
Technical Performance
Process
Recurring Costs
Schedule
Specification
This was an analysis I presented at a strategic meeting for a company. They had been able to launch successful products in the past, but more recent off the shelf products were late to market and not very attractive to customers. They could no longer do what they used to do. Using this method, what I found is to the right.
The company had been working on improving the company's performance in Specification compliance and Process completeness and adherence. While these are critical to customers contracting custom equipment, customers buying off the shelf hardware and software are looking for a good Recurring Cost/Technical Performance ratio, or performing in their environment without modification (or with an inexpensive mod).
For instance, new products were being exactly verified at one performance point, rather than exhaustively surveyed at many. Recurring cost was not controlled and poorly defined, leading to very conservative or even unknown eventual pricing. The new products were not designed to meet a cost, rather, the cost was determined once the build was complete.
This was as a result of a purposeful emphasis on two characteristics, at the expense of the others. Design to cost and methods to emphasize product performance and flexibility would have to be implemented to re-enable successful standard products.
This is an example of a company's strengths not matching the expectations of the customer. This proposal was stuck, why? We could do it technically, why can't we get off the dime? Based on the results of the analysis to the right, we would have little chance of performing on this contract without major changes to our corporate culture. It was a bad fit, priority wise.
This was an opportunity for a hand held cash register, to replace counter top units. The counter top units cost about $2000. Analysis showed that 4 handhelds could replace one counter top unit. Of course, you would need spares and batteries, handhelds are much more subject to damage and loss, so all that had to be figured in. The customer knew all the numbers very well, and told us exactly what the units had to do, and cost, to replace their counter top units. So essentially, the winning proposal was written for us. We just had to agree we could do it.
We were technically qualified, we had done many handhelds. Most were industrial, and did not have the hard cost controls of this program. Analysis of the situation is below.
Customer:
Specification Well Established - cash registers do what they do, and theft prevention is very rigid.
Recurring Cost for product success well established – can't go forward until recurring cost bogie is met. Keep working until we get there.
High Performance not critical – function fixed, communication speeds are very low. Operator can look down, needs to be held in hand, last 8 hours during life - not difficult.
Company Strengths:
Good value products - high performance for reasonable cost
Can turn out modifications of standard products very quickly
Top designers could be diverted from standard product designs
As a company, we were set up to quickly modify a high performing product with a small team of engineers. We were not set up to do a lot of leg work on cost reduction, to meet a recurring cost goal. So for a while, the customer and us talked past each other.
Our company had one buyer, and part time help from another person, for about 15 active designs on average. Attention to recurring cost would have to be changed radically to satisfy this customer. The company I was at previously would have been better equipped to satisfy this customer for recurring cost. At that company, there were three very senior and hard working buyers for only about 6 active designs at one time.
Although depopulation for cost reduction was common (very schedule friendly), completely removing features to reduce the cost of printed wiring boards and connectors was not typically done. It would be essential to this effort, and a new one to the company.
And working to a fixed specification was not a strength of a company that designs and fields standard boards. The strict verification would have been very new to the company.
So, even though we were technically qualified, would we/could we change the corporate culture to pursue this opportunity? The changes needed were identified, and were too massive. We let it drop, and returned to our core business.
Company Priorities
Specification
Process
Non Recurring Costs
Resource Constraints
Schedule
Technical Performance
Recurring Costs
Company Existing Priorities
Technical Performance
Resource Constraints
Schedule
Recurring Costs
Process
Non Recurring Costs
Specification
Off the Shelf Product Priorities
Recurring Cost
Technical Performance
Process
Schedule
Non Recurring Costs
Resource Constraints
Specification
Handheld Cash Register Priorities
Recurring Cost
Specification
Non Recurring Costs
Process
Resource Constraints
Schedule
Technical Performance