Statistical agencies around the world collect data on demographically relevant events such as birth, marriages and deaths.
Below I will talk about demographic data with a focus on sources for Austria and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Many major political challenges result from demographic changes. For instance, the pensions systems in many high-income suffer under a declining ratio of economically active individuals per retiree. This trend is caused by declining birth rates and increasing longevity. Or, some middle-income countries (such as China) have to cope with an excess supply of men, which results from a cultural preference for sons and the wide availability prenatal sex-determination technology.
Population economics (or demographic economics) is the application of economic analysis to demography.
Statistical agencies around the world collect data on demographically relevant events such as birth, marriages and deaths.
Talk about vital statistic data.
Talk about census data.
Give some prelims on crude rates
Crude birth rate (CBR)
Number of live births (B) divided by the mid-year population (P)
CBR = (B/P)*1,000
Below you can see the CBR for Austria in the period between 1871 an d2014
General fertility rate (GFR)
Number of live births divided by the mid-year femal population in childbearing age (F)
GFR = (B/F)*1,000
Total fertility rate (TFR)
Measures the fertility of an imaginary group of women who pass through their fictitious reproductive lives subject to the rates of child-bearing experienced by real women in a given year.
Below you can see the TFR for Austria in the period between 1970 and 2008
Lifetime fertility
Illegitimacy ratio
Crude death rate (CDR)
Number of deaths (D) divided by the mid-year population (P)
CDR = (D/P)*1,000
Sex-specific death rates
Age-specific death rates
Life expectancy
Infant mortality rate
Crude marriage rate (CMR)
Number of marriages (M) divided by the mid-year population (P)
CMR = (M/P)*1,000
General marriage rate
Number of marriages divided by the mid-year population in marriagable age (A)
GMR = (B/A)*1,000
Total marriage rate (TMR)
Crude divorce rate (CDR)
Number of divorce (D) divided by the mid-year population (P)
CDR = (D/P)*1,000
General divorce rate
Number of divorce divided by the mid-year population in marriagable age (A)
GMR = (B/A)*1,000
Total divorce rate (TDR)
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