Gottlieb Andreas SCHUTZE

Descendants of :

Gottlieb Andreas SCHUETZE

Generation 1

1. Gottlieb Andreas SCHUETZE was born 19 Jan 1817 in Kochstedt, Prussia and died 03 May 1871 in Blumberg (Birdwood) SA. He married Dorothea Marie Christiana (Maria) ROEDIGER 21 Feb 1841 in Hackpüffel, Germany. She was born 14 Mar 1818 in Hackpfüffel, Germany and died 04 Jan 1894 in Mannum, daughter of Johann Friedrich Christoph RODIGER and Christiane Caroline TORELTEN.

Other events in the life of Gottlieb Andreas SCHUETZE
Baptism: 02 Feb 1817, Kochstedt, Prussia
Immigration: 30 Aug 1849, Wilhelmina Maria
Naturalization: 23 Aug 1853
Occupation: BET 1854 & 1871, Publican, Hahndorf, Blumberg
Religion: 20 Jul 1858, St Michael`s Lutheran Church, Hahndorf
Property: 1859, Hahndorf
Sport: 06 Jun 1864, Founding president of Hahndorf Rifle Club
Burial: May 1871, Lutheran Church of the Holy Cross cemetery, Birdwood

Children of Gottlieb Andreas SCHUETZE and Dorothea Marie Christiana (Maria) ROEDIGER:
  i.   2.   Gottlieb Wilhelm SCHUETZE was born 21 Feb 1843 in Kochstedt, Germany and died 14 Apr 1922 in Loxton, SA
  ii.   3.   Carl Friedrich SCHUETZE was born 28 May 1845 in Kochstedt, Germany and died 30 Nov 1906 in Mannum
  iii.   4.   Friedrich Eduard SCHUETZE was born 21 Sep 1847 in Kochstedt, Germany and died 01 Jan 1930 in Mannum, SA
  iv.   5.   Maria Dorothea SCHUETZE was born 26 Nov 1849 in Adelaide, near the Company`s Mill and died 24 Sep 1936 in Bendigo, Victoria
  v.   6.   Maria Caroline (Mary) SCHUETZE was born 07 Jun 1853 in Hahndorf SA and died 28 Aug 1941 in North Unley, Adelaide
  vi.   7.   Louise Rosalie (Rosie) SCHUETZE was born 13 Jun 1855 in Woodside, SA and died 18 Jan 1906 in Wilcannia, NSW
  vii.     Adolph Theodor SCHUETZE was born 04 Aug 1859 in Hahndorf, SA and died 29 Feb 1860 in Hahndorf, SA

Generation 2

2. Gottlieb Wilhelm SCHUETZE was born 21 Feb 1843 in Kochstedt, Germany and died 14 Apr 1922 in Loxton, SA. He married Mary Ann HUDSON 01 Sep 1879 in Flinders St Baptist Ch., Adelaide, SA. She was born 11 Feb 1861 in Deep Creek, SA and died 25 Nov 1951 in Evandale, SA, daughter of James (Cottrell) HUDSON and Mary Jane SALE.

Other events in the life of Gottlieb Wilhelm SCHUETZE
Occupation: Post office, Blumberg. Hotel keeper. Travelling salesman.
Burial: Payneham Cemetery
Immigration: 30 Aug 1849, Wilhelmine Maria
Naturalization: 12 May 1881
Legal: BET 16 Mar 1882 & 17 Dec 1888, Justice of the Peace
Residence: 1883, Hahndorf, Leonaville Mannum, then Blumberg, then June 1903 Adelaide
Probate: 15 Jul 1922, 905 pounds

Children of Gottlieb Wilhelm SCHUETZE and Mary Ann HUDSON:  i.   8.   Hugo (Schuetze) HUDSON was born 04 Jul 1880 in Mannum and died 19 May 1943 in Adelaide, SA
  ii.     Hilda Jane SCHUETZE was born 02 Dec 1881 in Mannum, SA and died 28 Apr 1898 in Blumberg (Birdwood)
  iii.     Leona Rosalie SCHUETZE was born 26 Jul 1883 in Mannum, SA and died 21 Jan 1953 in Unley, SA
  iv.   9.   Mabel Mary SCHUETZE was born 07 Jul 1885 in Mannum and died 18 Oct 1943 in Parkside
  v.   10.   Elma Elizabeth SCHUETZE was born 29 Oct 1887 in Mannum, SA and died 08 Dec 1965 in Adelaide, SA
  vi.     Dorothea Oliva SCHUETZE was born 08 Nov 1888 in Mannum and died 30 Jun 1890 in Mannum South
  vii.   11.   Phoebe Ann SCHUETZE was born 11 Nov 1891 in Mannum South, SA and died 20 Jun 1987 in Kingswood, Adelaide
  viii.   12.   Reginald Wilhelm HUDSON (Schuetze) was born 25 Apr 1904 in New Parkside Adelaide and died 09 Jan 1967 in Eastwood, SA

3. Carl Friedrich SCHUETZE was born 28 May 1845 in Kochstedt, Germany and died 30 Nov 1906 in Mannum. He married Emma BUERMANN 14 Jul 1869 in St Johns, Mt Pleasant. She was born 23 Mar 1850 in Kooringa, SA and died 03 Oct 1937 in Mannum, SA, daughter of George Christoph Carl BUERMANN and Catharina Sophia Margaretha ZIESENITZ.

Other events in the life of Carl Friedrich SCHUETZE
Education: Hahndorf
Immigration: 30 Aug 1849, Wilhelminia Maria
Occupation: BET 1870 & 1871, Publican, Miners Arms Hotel, then farmer
Naturalization: 10 Nov 1881
Residence: 30 Nov 1906, Schuetze`s Landing, near Mannum
Burial: 02 Dec 1906, Mannum Cemetery

Children of Carl Friedrich SCHUETZE and Emma BUERMANN:
  i.     Emma SCHUETZE was born 15 Feb 1870 in Palmer, SA and died 21 Feb 1870 in Palmer, SA
  ii.     Emma Rosalie Dorathea SCHUETZE was born 21 Mar 1871 in Palmer, SA and died 09 Aug 1872 in Palmer, SA
  iii.   13.   Frederick Charles SCHUETZE was born 05 Mar 1874 in Mannum, SA and died 06 Oct 1955 in Prospect, Adelaide
  iv.     Ida (Edie?) Louisa SCHUETZE was born 12 Jan 1882 in Mannum, SA and died 08 Sep 1900 in Mannum, SA
  v.   14.   Louisa Clara SCHUETZE was born 22 Apr 1884 in Mannum SA and died 03 Jul 1967 in Cowirra, SA

4. Friedrich Eduard SCHUETZE was born 21 Sep 1847 in Kochstedt, Germany and died 01 Jan 1930 in Mannum, SA. He married Minnie BUERMANN 20 Nov 1879 in Christ Church, Mt Barker, SA. She was born 14 Oct 1855 in Adelaide, SA and died 11 Apr 1905 in Leonaville, Mannum, SA, daughter of George Christoph Carl BUERMANN and Catharina Sophia Margaretha ZIESENITZ.

Other events in the life of Friedrich Eduard SCHUETZE
Property: Mannum
Education: Hahndorf
Immigration: 30 Aug 1849, Wilhelmine Maria
Memberships: Nov 1870, South Australian Athletic Club
Naturalization: 10 Nov 1881, Government Gazette
Residence: 12 Jul 1882, Bogan Hotel, Mannum, SA
Sport: 08 Jun 1903, Rifle shooting
Occupation: BEF Oct 1904, Education Board of Advice
Burial: 02 Jan 1930, Mannum cemetery
 

Children of Friedrich Eduard SCHUETZE and Minnie BUERMANN:
  i.   15.   Catherina Dorethea `Rene` SCHUETZE was born 25 Sep 1880 in Mannum, SA and died 30 Dec 1932 in Mannum, SA
  ii.   16.   Cora Matilda SCHUETZE was born 12 Jul 1882 in Mannum, SA and died 11 Jun 1964 in Malvern, SA
  iii.   17.   Ella Gertrude SCHUETZE was born 20 May 1884 in Mannum, SA and died 08 Jun 1976
  iv.     Albert Edward SCHUETZE was born 11 Sep 1885 in Mannum, SA and died 28 Feb 1963 in Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Vic

5. Maria Dorothea SCHUETZE was born 26 Nov 1849 in Adelaide, near the Company`s Mill and died 24 Sep 1936 in Bendigo, Victoria. She married Captain William Robert PORTER 05 Jun 1873 in Echuca, Victoria. He was born 12 Nov 1849 in Taunton, Somersetshire, England and died 19 Nov 1921 in Mannum, SA, son of Joseph PORTER and Elizabeth LITTLEJOHN.

Other events in the life of Maria Dorothea SCHUETZE
Baptism: 07 Sep 1850, St Michael`s Lutheran Church, Hahndorf
Burial: 28 Sep 1936, Bendigo, Victoria

Children of Maria Dorothea SCHUETZE and Captain William Robert PORTER:
  i.     Herbert William PORTER was born 19 Feb 1874 in Blumberg, SA and died 11 Sep 1879 in Mannum, SA
  ii.   18.   Florence Dorothea PORTER was born 19 Aug 1875 in Echuca, Vic and died 28 Aug 1918 in Broken Hill, NSW
  iii.     Marian (Minnie) Dorothea PORTER was born 16 Dec 1878 in Goolwa, SA and died 21 Mar 1879 in Mannum, SA
  iv.     Vallie Elizabeth PORTER was born 06 Dec 1879 in Mannum, SA and died 26 Jan 1880 in Mannum, SA
  v.     Murray PORTER was born 03 Jan 1881 in Morgan, SA and died 24 Jan 1901 in Payneham, SA
  vi.     Horace Robert PORTER was born 22 Oct 1883 in Goolwa, SA and died 04 Jan 1889 in Wilcannia, NSW
  vii.     Lilly Mary PORTER was born 01 Mar 1886 in Morgan, SA and died 20 Mar 1886 in Morgan, SA
  viii.   19.   Winfred Rex (Rex) PORTER was born 17 Oct 1890 in North Adelaide, SA and died 20 Sep 1964 in Kangaroo Flat, Victoria

6. Maria Caroline (Mary) SCHUETZE was born 07 Jun 1853 in Hahndorf SA and died 28 Aug 1941 in North Unley, Adelaide. She married Rudolf Daniel WILKE 03 Mar 1872 in St John`s Anglican Church, Mt Pleasant (Talunga). He was born 25 Dec 1845 in Hamburg, Germany and died 22 Jul 1926 in Port MacDonnell, son of Lorenz WILKE and Mariana Louise GRUHMANN.

Other events in the life of Maria Caroline (Mary) SCHUETZE
Education: Hahndorf
Description: 01 Oct 1880, Well accident, Pt McDonnell
Retirement: AFT 1926, Adelaide

Children of Maria Caroline (Mary) SCHUETZE and Rudolf Daniel WILKE:
  i.     Leonard Hermann WILKE was born 12 Jun 1873 in Blumberg, SA and died 11 Jul 1873 in Blumberg, SA
  ii.   20.   Mabel Louisa WILKE was born 22 Jul 1874 in Blumberg, SA and died 11 May 1968 in Pt MacDonnell, SA
  iii.   21.   Margaret Rose (Margret) WILKE was born 29 Jul 1876 in Blumberg. SA and died 19 May 1958 in Port MacDonnell, SA
  iv.     Winifred Dora WILKE was born 19 Sep 1878 in Pt MacDonnell, SA and died 20 Sep 1910 in Adelaide, SA
  v.     Hermann Edward WILKE was born 29 Aug 1880 in Pt MacDonnell and died 02 Nov 1880 in Pt MacDonnell, SA
  vi.   22.   Lily Mary WILKE was born 13 Nov 1881 in Pt MacDonnell and died 10 Nov 1961 in Melbourne, Victoria
  vii.   23.   Maud Emma WILKE was born 18 Jan 1884 in Pt MacDonnell and died 10 Jul 1973 in SA
  viii.     Margaret WILKE was born 17 Jan 1886 in Pt MacDonnell and died 21 Mar 1886 in Pt MacDonnell, SA
  ix.   24.   Florence WILKE was born 15 Apr 1887 in Pt MacDonnell and died 01 Jun 1964 in Randwick, NSW
  x.     Rudolf (Roy) Harrold WILKE was born 03 Jul 1889 in Pt MacDonnell, SA and died 22 Apr 1892 in Pt MacDonnell, SA
  xi.   25.   Harold WILKE was born 29 Dec 1890 in Pt MacDonnell and died 25 Nov 1972 in Pt MacDonnell
  xii.   26.   Reginald Rudolf WILKE was born 13 Mar 1895 in Pt MacDonnell and died 14 Apr 1964 in Adelaide, SA

7. Louise Rosalie (Rosie) SCHUETZE was born 13 Jun 1855 in Woodside, SA and died 18 Jan 1906 in Wilcannia, NSW. She married Charles CURSON 01 Jan 1880 in Holy Evangelists Church, Goolwa. He was born 14 Nov 1856 in Nairne, SA and died 29 Oct 1925 in Camberwell, Victoria, son of George Frederick CURSON and Jane Tadd DAVIES.

Other events in the life of Louise Rosalie (Rosie) SCHUETZE
Burial: Jan 1906, Wilcannia Cemetery 

Children of Louise Rosalie (Rosie) SCHUETZE and Charles CURSON:
  i.     Gertrude Louisa CURSON was born 07 Jul 1880 in Goolwa, SA and died 13 Nov 1935 in St Kilda, Victoria
  ii.   27.   George Leonard CURSON was born 14 Aug 1882 in Goolwa, SA and died 14 Feb 1948 in Glenelg, SA
  iii.   28.   Charles Edward Victor CURSON was born 1894 in Wilcannia, NSW and died 1957 in Pancras, London, England

Generation 3

8. Hugo (Schuetze) HUDSON was born 04 Jul 1880 in Mannum and died 19 May 1943 in Adelaide, SA. He married Alice Amelia FEAST 23 Jul 1908 in Manse, Mt Gambier. She was born 14 Apr 1880 in Port MacDonnell, SA and died 15 Apr 1939 in Hawthorn, SA, daughter of Jeremiah FEAST and Elizabeth HOLTON.

Other events in the life of Hugo (Schuetze) HUDSON
Burial: Mitcham Cemetery, SA
Occupation: 1908, Commercial traveller
Local Government: BET 1911 & 1913, Councillor, Payneham Council
Residence: 15 Apr 1912, Albert St., Payneham
Politics: Oct 1912, Liberal candidate
Religion: 1913, Methodist

9. Mabel Mary SCHUETZE was born 07 Jul 1885 in Mannum and died 18 Oct 1943 in Parkside. She married Ernest Osmond MOULE 26 Mar 1910 in Parkside. He was born 27 Dec 1883 in Fullarton, SA and died 18 Dec 1962 in Parkside, SA, son of George James MOULE and Elizabeth Georgina KERBEY.

Other events in the life of Mabel Mary SCHUETZE
Burial: Mitcham General Cemetery
Occupation: 23 Jul 1903, Education Dept monitor resignation
Residence: 23 Jul 1903, Blumberg, SA

10. Elma Elizabeth SCHUETZE was born 29 Oct 1887 in Mannum, SA and died 08 Dec 1965 in Adelaide, SA. She married Herbert James WILSON 28 May 1910 in res. G W Schuetze, New Parkside, SA. He was born 07 Nov 1885 in Nairne, SA and died 05 Apr 1963 in Adelaide, SA, son of Alexander Fraser WILSON and Ellen Ann HILL.

Other events in the life of Elma Elizabeth SCHUETZE
Residence: BET Aug 1928 & Aug 1932, Clare, SA
Cremation: 10 Dec 1965, Centennial Park, SA

11. Phoebe Ann SCHUETZE was born 11 Nov 1891 in Mannum South, SA and died 20 Jun 1987 in Kingswood, Adelaide. She married Percy Alfred PRIME 13 Jul 1922 in St Peters Baptist, SA. He was born 05 Aug 1893 in Dublin S.A. and died 19 Aug 1988 in Adelaide, SA, son of Alfred Wills PRIME and Johanna Maria RAPKO.

Other events in the life of Phoebe Ann SCHUETZE
Burial: Centennial Park Cemetery
Residence: Born Mannum, Blumberg, Nth Adel, Unley, Bowmans 1922, Evandale, Maylands 1935, West Mitcham 1939

12. Reginald Wilhelm HUDSON (Schuetze) was born 25 Apr 1904 in New Parkside Adelaide and died 09 Jan 1967 in Eastwood, SA. He married Rose Louisa LANGHAM 26 Jun 1933 in Manse Germein St Semaphore, SA. She was born 25 Oct 1908 in Adelaide, SA and died 29 Aug 1989, daughter of Edward Harry LANGHAM and Frances Louisa Jane HILLMAN.

Other events in the life of Reginald Wilhelm HUDSON (Schuetze)
Burial: Centennial Park Cemetery
Residence: Apr 1912, Baker St Evandale

13. Frederick Charles SCHUETZE was born 05 Mar 1874 in Mannum, SA and died 06 Oct 1955 in Prospect, Adelaide. He married Rosalie Valeska (Less) GASS 21 Apr 1910 in Hundred of Younghusband. She was born 05 Jul 1893 in Mannum, SA and died 08 Sep 1974 in Prospect, SA, daughter of Wilhelm Eduard (William) GASS and Louise Elizabeth GLOVERSKI.

Other events in the life of Frederick Charles SCHUETZE
Burial: Enfield Memorial Park
Census: BET 1939 & 1943, Mannum, SA
Residence: 06 Oct 1955, Mannum, SA

14. Louisa Clara SCHUETZE was born 22 Apr 1884 in Mannum SA and died 03 Jul 1967 in Cowirra, SA. She married Gottlieb Heinrich MANN 06 Sep 1904 in On the paddleship Etona. He was born 21 Oct 1879 in Kapunda SA and died 23 Jul 1949 in Mannum SA, son of Gottlieb Heinrich MANN and Louise Elizabeth GLOVERSKI.

Other events in the life of Louisa Clara SCHUETZE
Burial: Mannum Cemetery

15. Catherina Dorethea "Rene" SCHUETZE was born 25 Sep 1880 in Mannum, SA and died 30 Dec 1932 in Mannum, SA. She married Rudolph John WEIDENHOFER 07 Dec 1910 in St Andrews Church, Mannum. He was born 25 Feb 1882 in Lobethal, SA and died 06 May 1918 in Mannum, SA, son of John WEIDENHOFER and Pauline Maria Magdeline MUELLER.

Other events in the life of Catherina Dorethea "Rene" SCHUETZE
Burial: Mannum cemetery

16. Cora Matilda SCHUETZE was born 12 Jul 1882 in Mannum, SA and died 11 Jun 1964 in Malvern, SA. She married Percival Walter RANDELL 12 Jun 1907 in res. Mr. Schuetze, Mannum, SA. He was born 07 Dec 1873 in Gumeracha, SA and died 10 Feb 1945 in Mannum, SA, son of Ebenezer Hartley RANDELL and Ada Caroline FARMER.

Other events in the life of Cora Matilda SCHUETZE
Burial: Mannum Cemetery

17. Ella Gertrude SCHUETZE was born 20 May 1884 in Mannum, SA and died 08 Jun 1976. She married Oscar Lionel ISAACHSEN 08 Dec 1910 in St John the Baptist, Murray Bridge, SA. He was born 08 Sep 1885 in North Adelaide, SA and died 01 May 1951 in Sydney, son of Oscar Henry ISAACHSEN and Lydia SMITH.

Other events in the life of Ella Gertrude SCHUETZE
Occupation: BET 29 May 1904 & 29 Jun 1907, Teacher, Hundred of Forster, SA

18. Florence Dorothea PORTER was born 19 Aug 1875 in Echuca, Vic and died 28 Aug 1918 in Broken Hill, NSW. She married Cornelius Joseph SHEAHAN 30 Nov 1899 in White Cliffs, NSW. He was born 02 Jan 1871 in Goulburn NSW and died 1918 in Sydney NSW, son of John SHEAHAN and Ann LARKIN.

19. Winfred Rex (Rex) PORTER was born 17 Oct 1890 in North Adelaide, SA and died 20 Sep 1964 in Kangaroo Flat, Victoria. He married Florence Eva PHILLIPS 22 Apr 1916 in Edwardstown, SA. She was born 19 Dec 1890 in Mannum, SA and died 21 Aug 1962 in Victoria, daughter of William PHILLIPS and Mary Cowan McGLASHAN. He married Violet Rosa TODD. She was born ABT 1890.

Other events in the life of Winfred Rex (Rex) PORTER
Military: BET 1915 & 1919, A.I.F.
Occupation: 1949, Clerk
Residence: 1954, 65 Thistle St Golden Square, Bendigo, SA

20. Mabel Louisa WILKE was born 22 Jul 1874 in Blumberg, SA and died 11 May 1968 in Pt MacDonnell, SA. She married John CLIFFORD 28 Oct 1896. He was born ABT 1874 and died 03 Aug 1900 in Belair, SA. She married Edward (Ned) Irwin WILLIAMS 20 Oct 1911 in Res. Rev L B Fletcher, Alberton, SA. He was born 03 Sep 1880 in Port MacDonnell, SA and died 14 May 1965 in SA, son of Matthew John WILLIAMS and Elizabeth Marie WHITE.

21. Margaret Rose (Margret) WILKE was born 29 Jul 1876 in Blumberg. SA and died 19 May 1958 in Port MacDonnell, SA. She married Ernest Henry MILSTEAD 24 Apr 1905 in Res. Rudolph WILKE, Pt MacDonnell. SA. He was born 07 Jul 1874 in Port MacDonnell, SA and died 10 Feb 1928 in Pt MacDonnell, SA, son of Stephen MILSTEAD and Elizabeth CUMMINGS.

Other events in the life of Margaret Rose (Margret) WILKE
Burial: Port MacDonnell Cemetery, SA

22. Lily Mary WILKE was born 13 Nov 1881 in Pt MacDonnell and died 10 Nov 1961 in Melbourne. She married Herbert Thomas NICHOLAS 19 Apr 1911 in Marden, Adelaide, SA. He was born 29 Dec 1882 in Lyndoch, SA and died 04 Nov 1957 in Claremont, WA, son of David NICHOLAS.

Other events in the life of Lily Mary WILKE
Residence: 1941, North Unley SA

23. Maud Emma WILKE was born 18 Jan 1884 in Pt MacDonnell and died 10 Jul 1973 in SA. She married Richard BACH 07 Sep 1912 in St Oswald Church, Parkside, SA. He was born 1885, son of Andrew BACH.

Other events in the life of Maud Emma WILKE
Burial: Enfield Memorial Park, SA

24. Florence WILKE was born 15 Apr 1887 in Pt MacDonnell and died 01 Jun 1964 in Randwick, NSW. She married George MOORE 17 Nov 1921 in Methodist Church, Parkside West, Adelaid. He was born 29 Mar 1881 in Brisbane, Qld and died 29 Oct 1946 in Kantannning WA, son of Henry Merritt GEORGE and Emma Jane BANNISTER.

25. Harold WILKE was born 29 Dec 1890 in Pt MacDonnell and died 25 Nov 1972 in Pt MacDonnell. He married Virtue Mary Rebecca LEWIS 25 Jul 1921 in Lewis home, O`Halloran Tce Mt Gambier SA. She was born 08 Feb 1903 in Casterton, Victoria and died 28 Jan 1996 in Millicent Nursing Home, daughter of Charles Henry LEWIS and Virtue BEST.

Other events in the life of Harold WILKE
Education: ABT 1900, Hahndorf College

26. Reginald Rudolf WILKE was born 13 Mar 1895 in Pt MacDonnell and died 14 Apr 1964 in Adelaide, SA. He married Amy Millicent DEWING 17 Apr 1933 in St Johns Church, Adelaide. She was born 28 May 1905 in North Walkerville, SA and died 04 Jun 1988, daughter of James DEWING and Mary Ellen MAUGHAN.

Other events in the life of Reginald Rudolf WILKE
Burial: Centennial Park, Adelaide
Residence: Jun 1947, 3 Kegworth street, Edwardstown, SA

27. George Leonard CURSON was born 14 Aug 1882 in Goolwa, SA and died 14 Feb 1948 in Glenelg, SA. He married Norah FLANNERY 1910 in Wilcannia, NSW. She was born 1878 in Sydney, NSW and died 26 Apr 1956 in Woodville Gardens, SA, daughter of David FLANNERY.

Other events in the life of George Leonard CURSON
Burial: St Judes Brighton, SA

28. Charles Edward Victor CURSON was born 1894 in Wilcannia, NSW and died 1957 in Pancras, London, England. He married Rose Eugene Loveday THOMAS 23 Mar 1917 in St Luke`s, Chelsea, England. She was born 1895 in Kensington, London, England and died 1978 in Sutton, Surrey, England, daughter of John THOMAS.

Last updated : 17 Feb 2025