Calculus of Modernization

Dialectic of FORCES OF MODERNIZATION CALCULUS (maybe)

[NATIONALISM + INDUSTRIALIZATION + IMPERIALISM [nationalism (colonialism + militarism + Social Darwinism) / [(socialism + communism) fascism] + capitalism] +

DEMOCRATIZATION = ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­MODERNIZATION (?) = Revolution (?)

To what extent did (country X) follow the formula to modernization; how successful were they? Did they become thoroughly modern 19^th Century states? Focus on 1850 – 1900.

1) Use specific country to test formula.

2) If applicable formula measure the level of modernization of

specific country.

3) If not applicable formula, modify criteria, and retest.

COUNTRIES: United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, United States, China, Japan

What was their military like? Conscription? Risk tolerance?

What were their imperialistic goals vs. actual gains?

What was their class structure?

Social Darwinism and societal development?

Rights of lowest level of society? Wage distribution?

Industrial capacity? Railroads? Technical capabilities?

Natural Resources? In home vs. extended territories (colonies)

Political Structure?

What territories / land holdings do they have beyond home territory?