Report on research by Laurence Garey at the National Archives, Kew, UK

(14 to 17 September, 2011, sponsored by ENHG)

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Background

A new Wellington Mark 1C bomber, serial HX748, was on the strength of the RAF Aircraft Delivery Unit, Middle East. On 13 February 1943, it landed at RAF Sharjah en route from England to India (via Gibraltar and Alexandria according to recollection by the family of one of the crew). The next day it took off, with four crew and a passenger. Some 30 minutes later, over the sea, the pilot noticed an oil leak from the port engine and decided to return to Sharjah. Soon after, the propeller flew off the engine. The pilot was forced to land on the coast at Rul Dhadnah. Four of those aboard survived but the navigator, Sgt WH Donnelly, was killed. He was buried by the crew near the aircraft. The crash site was inaccessible by land or air and the Royal Navy rescued the survivors. On 22 February three were landed at Sharjah, the fourth, the passenger Lt Col De Watteville, remaining on the cruiser HMS Capetown to continue his journey to Karachi. We published these details in Tribulus (Hellyer and Garey: 2004, 2006), and tried to identify the precise location of the crash site and the grave of Sgt Donnelly, who was the only known British and Commonwealth World War Two fatality buried in the United Arab Emirates. In 2009 Sgt Donnelly’s great-niece, Lesley Botten, provided some photographs of “Billy” and his gravesite. Brien Holmes (ENHG, Al Ain) was able to find villagers at Rul Dhadnah who remembered the crash and so locate the crash site. Regrettably, the grave was washed away several years after the crash. In January 2010 local political and diplomatic officials arranged for Billy’s niece and great niece to travel to Rul Dhadnah and unveil a memorial to him.

A number of questions remain. What happened after the crash? The pilot was able to force land soon after crossing the Fujairah coast and four survived. So why, then, did Billy die? He was the navigator, and his seat was well protected by the wing and its main spar.

Why was Billy buried on the spot, rather than being returned to Sharjah?

What was the mission of this aircraft? Was it simply being delivered, as a new aircraft, to an operational unit? Why was the passenger, Lt Col De Watteville, aboard and what was his mission?

Potential sources of information

Several lines of research seemed of potential value. The archives of the Royal Air Force Museum at Hendon contained a copy of the accident record document, which we obtained, but it merely gave technical details of aircraft and crew. Further, the Air Historical Branch (AHB) of the RAF had details of the Court of Enquiry which took place soon after the accident (see comments at the end of this report).

But most importantly the National Archives at Kew house a number of documents which might throw light on the fatal flight. Even “Top secret” documents of the period of interest to us are now in the public domain, and open to examination at Kew. I divided my search into several lines of investigation: War Office records, Foreign Office records, Operations Records Books (ORBs) of the unit operating the Wellington and of RAF Sharjah, personnel records, and the records of HMS Capetown. Overall there was disappointingly little new that we did not already have.

War Office and Foreign Office records. I found nothing of importance to us. Many letters and official documents concerning the Middle East in 1943 dealt with the urgent need to reinforce the Indian subcontinent to stem the advances of the Japanese through Burma and into India itself. Their main concerns at that time were to do with not enough aircraft available for the Burma front. I found no evidence of why an officer of the Intelligence Service might be on board the aircraft. I could find no reference to clandestine operations around Sharjah or Karachi at that time.

Operations Records Books for our period (ORBs).

First the unit that operated the Wellington, the Aircraft Delivery Unit (ADU): I found all the relevant records. ADUs were divided into several sub-units and, surprisingly, there was nothing in the ORBs of any of them: no reference to any Wellington loss in February 1943, either in the daily reports or the accident summaries. A complicating factor was the renaming of ADU sub-units. However, careful examination of all potentially relevant ADUs revealed nothing of interest to our case. Number 4 Ferry Control Unit, at 44 Staging Unit, RAF Sharjah, reported on 17 August 1943 that “F/LT EVANS … left by air … after investigating causes of recent crashes”, but there is no report available and we cannot determine which crashes were investigated.

In the ORB of 44 Staging Unit, Sharjah the only reference was a hand written note about our Wellington crashing: “Wellington HX.748 force landed 60 mls, East of Sharjah 14th Feb. Navigator Sgt. Donnelly lost his life.”