Studies on methane seeps
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a key component of the ocean’s food web and carbon cycle, and carbon exchanged between oceanic DOC and the atmosphere has influenced atmospheric CO2 levels on timescales ranging from recent decades to the geologic past. Production by marine algae in the surface ocean is the largest source of DOC and its effects on the ocean carbon cycle are widely appreciated. However, the magnitude of external sources such as rivers, hydrothermal vents, and methane seeps and their impact on ocean ecology and chemistry are not well understood. Each source differs in terms of its biological utilization and age, which affects the storage and distribution of this material among the ocean basins. Methane seeps located along continental margins are particularly significant because they may transfer globally significant quantities of carbon stored below the seafloor as natural gas and gas hydrate to the oceans.
This project will investigate the production, flux, composition and potential for biological utilization of DOC at Hydrate Ridge, located offshore Oregon. Hydrate Ridge is a prominent methane seep with massive accumulations of gas hydrate and a node of the Ocean Observatories Initiative cabled array on the Juan De Fuca plate. We will sample and chemically characterize methane, DOC and other materials to provide information about where the materials originated (deep vs shallow), how they have been chemically altered and to what extent they may feed deep ocean biota or contribute to the long term storage of DOC in the ocean. Experiments and analysis will be conducted using sediment cores and bottom water samples collected using the human occupied vehicle Alvin during a 7-day ocean expedition. Additionally, we will place osmotically-driven pumps on the seafloor to continuously sample fluids for approximately one year, thereby allowing us to monitor the flux of methane and DOC expelled from the seafloor and constrain processes that regulate the release of carbon to the oceans at methane seeps.
This award will support one graduate student and several undergraduates from a community college in Maryland and a college located in a lower-income urban center in southeastern Massachusetts. We will disseminate project findings to the public with a series of videos for public TV.
Laboratory Gas hydrate studies
Gas hydrates are the largest reservoir of methane on Earth. As seen in the picture to the left, this "flammable ice" is made up of ice-like crystalline structures containing gas molecules within their lattice. They form under conditions of intense pressure and low temperatures, conditions found in nature like ocean sediments and arctic permafrost. Other hydrocarbon gases, besides methane, such as ethane, propane, butane, as well as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide also make up the entrained gases. Since methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, I am interested in understanding how stable these deposits are and what other factors than pressure and temperature may also control their stability. Hydrates may also become a future energy source.In trying to understand hydrate stability in nature (as seen in picture to right), we have been funded to study gas hydrate dissolution in the laboratory.
Other resources:
This project is funded by the Petroleum Research Fund