Congenital (“present at birth”) abnormalities and the loss of embryos and fetuses prior to birth are caused both intrinsically and extrinsically. Those abnormalities caused by genetic events (mutations, aneuploidies, translocations) are called malformations.
Abnormalities caused by exogenous agents (certain chemicals or viruses, radiation, or hyperthermia) are called disruptions. The agents responsible for these disruptions are called teratogens. (source)