High-pressure (C2/c) clinoenstaite 

Mineral name: unnamed

Discovery: GRV022115 (L6)

＊References＊

• Guo Z., Li Y., Liu S., Xu H., Z. Xie, Li S., Li X., Lin Y., Coulson I. M., and Zhang M. 2020. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 272:276–286. (Discovery)

• Angel R. J., Chopelas A., and Ross N. L. 1992. Nature 358:322–344. (First finding by in-situ XRD under experimental high-pressure compression)

Cubic garnet-type MgSiO3   

Mineral name: majorite (named after Alan Major)

Discovery: Coorara meteorite (L6)

＊References＊

• Ringwood A. E. and Major A. 1966. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1:351–357. (First synthesis in the system MgSiO3-Al2O3)

• Mason B., Nelen J., and White J. S. 1968. Science 160:66–67. (Discovery)

• Smith J. V. and Mason B. 1970. Science 168:832–833. (Described as a new mineral species) 

• Nakatsuka A., Yoshiasa A., Yamanaka T., Ohtaka O., Katsura T., and Ito E. 1999. American Mineralogist 84:1135–1143. (X-ray structural refinements of synthetic single crystal in the system MgSiO3-Al2O3)

Tetragonal garnet-type MgSiO3 

Mineral name: tetragonal majorite (not approved as an independent mineral species)

Discovery: Tenham meteorite (L6)

＊References＊

• Kato T. and Kumazawa M. 1985. Nature 316:803–804.  (First synthesis as MgSiO3 tetragonal garnet)

• Angel R., Finger L. W., Hazen R. M., Kanzaki M, Weidner D. J., Liebermann R. C., and Veblen D. R. 1989. American Mineralogist 74:509–512. (X-ray structural refinement of synthetic single crystal of MgSiO3 tetragonal garnet)

• Xie Z. and Sharp T. 2007. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 254:433–445. (Discovery as a high-pressure dissociation product of subcalcic pyroxene characterized by powder electron diffraction)

• Tomioka N., Miyahara M., and Ito M. 2016. Science Advances 2:e1501725. (Discovery as a high-pressure phase of enstatitic pyroxene characterized by single-crystal electron diffraction)

Ilmenite-type MgSiO3 

Mineral name: akimotoite (named after Syun-iti Akimbo）

Discovery: Acfer040 meteorite (L5-6), Tenham meteorite (L6)

＊References＊

• Kawai N, Tachimori M., and Ito E. 1974. Proceedings of the Japan Academy 50:378–380. (First synthesis. Reported as a hexagonal phase)

• Liu L. 1976. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 31:200–208. (Synthetic sample described as an ilmenite-structured phase) 

• Horiuchi H., Hirano M., Ito E. and Matsui Y. 1982. American Mineralogist 67:788–793.（X-ray structural analysis of synthetic single crystal) 

• Sharp T. G., Lingemann C. M., Dupas C., and Stoffler D. 1997. Science 277:352–355. (First discovery)

• Tomioka N. and Fujino K. 1997. Science 277:1084–1086. (Discovery)

• Tomioka N. and Fujino K. 1999. American Mineralogist 84:267–271. (Described as a new mineral species)

Ilmenite-type FeSiO3 

Mineral name: hemleyite (named after Russell J. Hemley）

Discovery: Suizhou meteorite (L6) 

＊References＊

• Bindi L., Chen M., and Xie X. 2017. Scientific Reports 7:DOI: 10.1038/srep42674. (Discovery) 

Orthorhombic perovskite-type MgSiO3 

Mineral name:  bridgmanite  (named after Percy Bridgman）

Discovery:  Tenham meteorite (L6)

＊References＊

• Liu L., Geophysical Research Letters, 1, 277–280, 1974. (First synthesis)

• Miyahara M., Ohtani E., Ozawa S., Kimura M., El Goresy A., Sakai T., Nagase T., Hiraga K., Hirao N., and Ohishi Y. 2011. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108: 5999–6003. (First report of the postspinel transformation of olivine to (Mg,Fe)SiO3-perovskite + magnesiowüstite in a Martian meteorite）

• Ito E. and Weidner D. J. 1986. Geophysical Research Letters 13:464–466. (Synthesis of large single crystals)

• Horiuchi H., Ito E., and Weidner D. J. 1987. American Mineralogist 72:357–360. (X-ray structural analysis of synthetic single crystal)

• Tomioka N. and Fujino K., 1997. Science 277:1084–1086. (Discovery）

• Tschauner O., Chi M., Beckett J. R., Prescher C., Prakapenka V. B., and Rossman G. R. 2015. Science 346:1100–1102. (First report as a new mineral bridgmanite)

• Ghosh S.,  Tiwari K., Miyahara M, Rohrbach A., Vollmer C.,  Stagno V.,  Ohtani E., and Ray  D., 2021, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118: e2108736118. (Discovery of aluminous bridgmanite in a shocked L chondrite)

Orthorhombic perovskite-type FeSiO3 

Mineral name:  hiroseite  (named after Kei Hirose）

Discovery: Suizhou meteorite (L6) 

＊References＊

• Bindi L., Shim S.-H., Sharp T. G., and Xie X. 2020. Science Advances 6:doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aay7893 (Discovery) 

Double-cubic perovskite-type MgSiO3

Mineral name:  unnamed

Discovery:  Acfer094 meteorite (CO/CM)

＊Refereces＊

• Vollmer C., Hoppe P., Brenker F. E., and Holzapfel C. 2007. Astrophysical Journal 666:L49–L52. (Discovery) 

Remarks: This mineral occurred as a presolar grain with oxygen isotope anomaly confirmed by Nano SIMS analysis. Its electron diffraction pattern can be explained by "double-cubic" perovskite cell.

Walstromite-type CaSiO3 

Mineral name:  Breyite (named after Gerhard P. Brey）

Discovery:  São Luis river alluvials, Juína, Juína kimberlite field, Mato Grosso, Brazil (diamond inclusion)

＊References＊

• Joswig W., Stachel T., Harris J. W., Baur W. H., and Brey G. P. 1999. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 173:1–6. (Discovery)

• Brenker F., Nestola F., Brenker L., Peruzzo L., Secco L., and Harris J. W. 2018. Breyite, IMA 2018-062, CNMNC Newsletter No. 45, October 2018, Mineralogical  Magazine 82:1225–1232. (Described as a new mineral species)

Orthorhombic perovskite-type CaSiO3 

Mineral name:  unnamed

Discovery:  Cullinan Mine, Gauteng province, South Africa (diamond inclusion)

＊References＊

• Tomioka N. and Kimura M. 2003. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 208:271–278. (Discovery of "vitrified" CaSiO3-perovskite as a breakdown product of diopside under high-pressure)

• Nestola F., Korolev N., Kopylova M., Rotiroti N., Pearson D.G., Pamato M. G., Alvaro M.,  Peruzzo L., Gurney J. J., Moore A. E., and Davidson J. 2018, Nature 555: 237–242. (Discovery as an orthorombic-perovskite phase)

Cubic perovskite-type CaSiO3 

Mineral name:  davemaoite (named after Ho-Kwang Mao）

Discovery:  Orapa kimberlite pipe, Orapa, Botswana (diamond inclusion)

＊References＊

• Kurashina T., Hirose K., Ono S., Sata N., and Ohishi Y. 2004. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 145: 67-74. (First synthesis confirmed by in-situ X-ray diffraction) 

• Kanzaki M., Stebbins J.F., and Xue X. 1991. Geophysical Research Letters 18:463–466. (The only report of CaSiO3-perovskite recovered to the atmospheric pressure) 

• Tschauner O., Huang S., Yang S., Humayun M., Liu W., Gilbert Corder, S. N., H. A. Bechtel, J. Tischler, and Rossman G. R. 2021. Science, 374: 891–894. (Discovery as an cubic-perovskite phase)

Olivine-type MgSiO3 

Mineral name:  unnamed

Discovery:  Tenham meteorite (L6)

＊References＊

• Xie Z., Sharp T. G., Leinenweber K., DeCarli P. S., and Dera, P. 2011. American Mineralogist 96:430–436. (Discovery)

Remarks: This mineral is a very unique mineral that has an olivine structure and a pyroxene composition. It has higer density (3.32 g/cm3) than those of enstatite, diopside and forsterite.It is probably a metastable phase produced by rapid cooling of shock-induced chondritic melt under high pressure.

Clinopyroxene-type (Ca,Na,□)AlSi2O6 

Mineral name:  tissintite (named after the Tissint Morocco)

Discovery: Tissint meteorite (shergottite)

＊References＊

• Ma C., Tschauner O., Beckett J. R., Liu Y., Rossman G. R., Zhuravlev K., Prakapenka V., Dera P., and Taylor L. 2015. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 422:194–205 (Discovery)