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Quartz polymorphs
Quartz polymorphs
Unique structured SiO2
Unique structured SiO2
Mineral name: coesite (named after Loring Coes, Jr.)
Discovery: Barringer meteor crater, Arizona, U.S.A.
A coesite grain among the olivine-pyroxene matrix in the Gujba CB chondrite, documented by Weisberg and Kimura (2010). (Courtesy of M. Kimura, Ibaraki Univ.)
＊References＊
Coes L. 1953. Science 118:131–132. (First synthesis)
Chao T. G., Shoemaker E. M., and Madsen B. M. 1960. Science 132:220–223. (Discovery in a meteor crater, Described as a new mineral species)
Weisberg M. K. and Kimura M. 2010. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 45:873–884. (Discovery in a shocked carbonaceous chondrite)
Rutile-type SiO2
Rutile-type SiO2
Mineral name: stishovite (named after Sergei Mikhailovich Stishov)
Discovery: Barringer meteor crater, Arizona, U.S.A.
Transmission electron micrograph of stishovite in the Apollo lunar sample. Stishovite is accompanied with a high-density silica glass (Gla). (Courtesy of M. Miyahara, Hiroshima Univ.)
＊References＊
Stishov S. M. and Popova S. V. 1961. Geokhimiya 10:837–839. (First synthesis)
Chao E. C. T., Fahey J. J., Littler J., and Milton D. J. 1962. Journal of Geophysical Research 67:419–421. (Discovery, Described as a new mineral species)
DeCarli P. S. and Milton D. J. 1965. Science 147:144–155. (First shock-wave synthesis)
Holtstam D., Broman C., Stöderhielm J., and Zetterqvist A. 2003. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 38:1579–1583. (Discovery in an iron meteorite)
Scrutinyite (α-PbO2)-type SiO2
Scrutinyite (α-PbO2)-type SiO2
Mineral name: seifertite (named after Friedrich Alfred Seifert)
Discovery: Shergotty meteorite (shergottite)
Transmission electron micrograph of seifertite (Sei) in the lunar meteorite NWA 4734. Seifertite is accompanied with a high-density silica glass (Gla). (Courtesy of M. Miyahara, Hiroshima Univ.)
＊References＊
German V. N., Orlova N. N., Tarasova L. A., and Trunin R. F. 1973. Soviet Physics JETP 37:431–434. (First synthesis)
Sharp T. G., El Goresy A., Wopenka B., and Chen M. 1999. Science 284:1511–1513. (Discovery. Reported as α-PbO2-like phase)
El Goresy A., Dubrovinsky L., Sharp T. G., Saxena S. K., and Chen M. 2000. Science 284:1632–1634. (Reevaluation of crystal structure. Reported as baddeleyite (ZrO2)-like phase)
Hwang S-L., Shen P., Chu H-T., and Yui T-F. 2000. Science 288:321–324. (Discovery in garnet in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rock)
Przemyslaw D., Prewitt C., Boctor N., and Hemley R., 2002. American Mineralogist 87:1018–1023. (Reevaluation of crystal structure. Reported as α-PbO2-phase)
El Goresy A., Dera P., Przemyslaw D. Sharp T. G., Prewitt C. T., Chen M., Dubrovinsky L., Wopenka B., Boctor N. Z., and Hemley R. J. 2008. European Journal of Mineralogy 20:523–528. (Described as a new mineral species)
Miyahara M., Kaneko S., Ohtani E., Sakai T., Nagase T., Kayama M., Nishido H., and Hirao N. 2013. Nature Communications 4:1737. (Discovery of seifertite in a lunar meteorite)
＊References＊
El Goresy A., Dubrovinsky L., Sharp T.G., Saxena S.K., and Chen M. 2000. Science 284:1632–1634.
Rutile polymorphs
Rutile polymorphs
Baddeleyite-type TiO2
Baddeleyite-type TiO2
Mineral name: akaogiite (named after Masaki Akaogi)
Discovery: Ries meteor crater, Germany
＊References＊
El Goresy A., Chen M., Dubrovinsky L., Gillet P., and Graup G. , 2001. Science 293:1467–1470. (Discovery)
El Goresy A., Dubrovinsky L. S., Gillet P., Graup G., and Chen M. 2010. American Mineralogist 95:892–895. (Described as a new mineral species)
＊References＊
Willgallis A., Siegmann E., and Hettiaratchi T. 1983. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 4:151–157. (Discovery as the TiO2-ZrO2 solid-solution in a gem stone mine)
Hwang S. L., Shen P., Chu H. T., and Yui T. F. 2000. Nanometer-size α-PbO2-type TiO2 in garnet: A thermobarometer for ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism. Science, 288:321–324. (Discovery in an UHP rock)
El Goresy A., Chen M., Gillet Ph., Dubrovinsky L., Graup G., and Ahuja R. 2001. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 192:485–495. (Discovery in an impact crater)
Wirth R., Kaminsky F., Matsyuk S., and Schreiber A. 2009. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 286:292–303. (Discovery as nano-inclusion in diamonds)
Xie X., Gu X., and Chen M. 2022. The discovery of TiO2-II, the α-PbO2-structured high-pressure polymorph of rutile, in the Suizhou L6 chondrite. Acta Geochimica, doi.org/10.1007/s11631-022-00585-4. (Discovery in a chondritic meteorite)
＊References＊
Tschauner O., Ma C., Lanzirotti A., and Newville M. G. 2020. Minerals 10:78. (Discovery)
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