Publications: /2023-2025

Books

Sinatra, A.M., Graesser, A.C., Hu, X., Goodwin, G., and Rus, V. (Eds.). (2023). Design Recommendations for Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Volume 10 - Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis of Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Orlando, FL: US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Soldier Center. ISBN 978-0-9977258-3-4. 

Sinatra, A.M., Graesser, A.C., Hu, X., Townsend, L.N. and Rus, V. (Eds.). (2023). Design Recommendations for Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Volume 11 - Professional Career Education. Orlando, FL: US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Soldier Center. ISBN 978-0-9977258-5-8. 

Sinatra, A.M., Rus, V., Lawton, P., & Graesser, A.C. (2025). Design Recommendations for Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Volume 12 – Intelligent Tutoring Systems with Generative AI. Orlando, FL: US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Soldier Center.

Journal Publications 

Bauer, E., Greiff, S., Graesser, A.C., Scheiter, K., & Sailer, M. (2025).  Looking beyond the hype: Understanding the effects of AI on learning.  Educational Psychology Review. 

Carmon, C.M., Morgan, B., Hu, X., & Graesser, A.C. (2023).  Automated Assessment of Initial Answers to Questions in Conversational Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Are Contextual Embedding Models Really Better? Electronics, 12 (17), 3654. 

Goldman, S.R., & Graesser, A.C. (2024). Walter Kintsch: legacy and legend.  Discourse Processes, 61, 285-289.

Graesser, A. C. (2024). Reflections on Roy O. Freedle. Discourse Processes, 61(3), 114–116.

Graesser, A.C., Hu, X., Sabatini, J.P., & Carmon, C.M. (2023). Where is ethics in the evolution of AIED’s future? International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 33, 92-96.   

Hollander, J., Sabatini, J., Graesser, A., Greenberg, D., O’Reilly, T., & Frijters, J. (2023).  Inportance of learner characteristics in intelligent tutoring for adult literacy. Discourse Processes, 60, 397-409. 

Nicolay, B., Kreiger, F., Kuhn, J., Graesser, A.C., Ifenthaler, D., Baker, R., Greiff, S. (2023).  Unsuccessful and successful complex problem solving – A log file analysis of complex problem solving strategies across multiple tasks.  Intelligence, 101, 101793. 

Ryu, J., Kim, S., Graesser, A.C., Jeon, M. (2023).  Corpus stylistic analysis of literary translation using multilevel linguistic measures: James Joyce’s Dubliners and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and their Korean translations.  TARGET Online,

Sabatini, J., Graesser, A.C., Hollander, J., & O’Reilly, T. (2023).  A framework of literacy development and how AI can transform theory and practice.  British Journal of Educational Technology, 54, 1-30.

Weber, A.M., van Laar, E., Borgonovi, F., Ackerman, P.L., Nixon, N., Graesser, A.C., & Greiff, S. (2025).  Psychological science and the blind spot in education: Learning and instruction of traversal skills in the 21st century.  Educational Psychology Review, 37. 

Zhang, L., Lin, J., Sabatini, J., Borchers, C., Weitekamp, D., Cao, M., Hollander, J., Hu, X., & Graesser, A.C. (2025).  Data augmentation for sparse multidimensional learning performance data using Generative AI.  Journal of the IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 99, 1-18.  

Book Chapters

Allen, L.K., Graesser, A.C., & McNamara, D.S. (2023).  Automated analysis of natural language in psychological research.  In H. Cooper (Ed.), APA Handbook of Research Methods, in Psychology, Second Edition: Vol. 1. Foundations, Planning, Measures, and Psychometrics (second edition). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Kay, J., Graesser, A.C., & Sinatra, A.M. (2023).  Data visualization in intelligent tutoring systems SWOT analysis.  In  A.M Sinatra, A.C. Graesser, X. Hu, G. Goodwin, and V. Rus (Eds.), Design Recommendations for Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Volume 10 - Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (pp. 115-126). Orlando, FL: US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Soldier Center.

Rus, V., Olney, A., & Graesser, A.C. (2023).  Interactions with learners in natural language.  In B. du Boulay, A. Mitrovic, and K. Yacef (Eds.), Handbook of Artificial Intelligence in Education.  Springer. 

D’Mello, S.K., & Graesser, A.C. (2024).  Intelligent tutoring systems: How computers achieve learning gains that rival human tutors.  In P. Shutz and K.R. Muis (Eds), Handbook of Educational Psychology, vol. 4 (pp. 603-629).  Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.

Graesser, A.C. (2025). Afterword. In R. Sternberg and W. Niu (Eds.), A Multidisciplinary Approach to Critical Thinking. Palgrave-Macmillan.

Graesser, A.C., Hu, X., Rus, V., Sinatra, A.M., Goldberg, B.S., and Townsend, L.N. (2025).  Personalized learning from the perspective of intelligent tutoring systems.  In M.Bernacki and C. Walkington (Eds)., Handbook of personalized learning.  New York: Routledge. 

Person, N.K., Graesser, A.C., & Jordan, C.E. (2025). Question asking during tutoring.  In R. Hodges, D., Sanford, M. Steiner, C. Wehlburg, and J.L. Williams (Eds.), Rowen & Littlefeld Handbook of Peer Tutoring. Maryland: Rowen and Littlefeld Publishers.

Zapata-Rivera, D., Forsyth, C., Zhang, L., & Graesser, A.C. (2025).  Exploring the use of generative AI in conversation-based assessment.  In A.M. Sinatra, V. Rus, P. Lawton, & A.C. Graesser (Eds). Design Recommendations for Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Volume 12 – Intelligent Tutoring Systems with Generative AI. Orlando, FL: US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Soldier Center.

Conference Proceedings

Carmon, C.M., Hu, X., & Graesser, A.C. (2023). Assessment in conversational intelligent tutoring systems: Are contextual embeddings really better?  In  N. Wang, G. Rebolledo-Mendez, N. Matsuda, O.C. Santos, and V. Dimitrova (eds.), Proceedings of the 24rd International Conference of Artificial Intelligence in Education: Doctorial Consortium (pp. 121-129). Tokyo, Japan. Springer. 

Li, H., Cheng, F., Wang, G., Cai, Z., Graesser, A. (2024).  Impact of conversational agent language and text structure on student language.  In A. Sifaleras and F. Lin (Eds.), Generative Intelligence and Intelligent Tutoring Systems, LNCS 14798, 1-15. 

Hou, X., Forsyth, C.M., Andrews-Todd, J., Rice, J., Cai, Z., Yang, J., Zapata-Rivera, D., & Graesser, A.C. (2025).  An LLM-enhanced multi-agent architecture for conversation-based assessment.  In Proceedings of the 24rd International Conference of Artificial Intelligence in Education (pp. ). Palermo, Italy: Springer. 

Olney, A., D’Mello, S., Person, N., Cade, W., Hays, P., Dempsey, C., Lehman, B., Sanders, B., & Graesser, A. (2025). Efficacy of a human tutor that models expert human tutors.  In Proceedings of the 24rd International Conference of Artificial Intelligence in Education (pp. ). Palermo, Italy: Springer. 

Shi, G., Peng, S., Greenberg, D., Frijters, J., & Graesser, A. (2025).  Using survival analysis to identify the factors that mitigate attrition in an ITS-based literacy program.  In Proceedings of the International Conference on Educational Data Mining (pp. xxxx).  Palermo, Italy: Springer.

Zhang, L., Zhai, X., Lin, J., Kleiman, J., Zapata-Rivera, D., Forsyth, C., Jiang, Y., Hu, X., & Graesser, A.C. (2025). Exploring communicative strategies for collaborative LLM agents in mathematical problem solving.  In Proceedings of the 24rd International Conference of Artificial Intelligence in Education (pp. ). Palermo, Italy: Springer.