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Post date: Dec 24, 2020 7:18:25 PM
The less we think, the worse we think, and the more we will be influenced by harmful messages... This association between lack of intellectual sophistication and gullibility is historically pervasive... Already when Heraclitus, in 500 BCE, talked about “the people” who “let themselves be led by speechmakers, in crowds, without considering how many fools and thieves they are among [them],” he was talking about the masses, the common people, not the aristocrats...
Crowd psychologists, Hippolyte Taine, added that in crowds, people were reduced to the state of nature, like “servile monkeys each imitating the other..."
In con temporary academic literature, the link between unsophistication and credulity mostly takes two forms... The first is in children, whose lack of cognitive maturity is often associated with gullibility... A recent psychology textbook asserts that as children master more complex cognitive skills, they become “less gullible...” Another states, more sweepingly, that “children, it seems, are an advertiser’s dream: gullible, vulnerable, and an easy sell...” The second way in which lack of cognitive sophistication and credulity are linked is through a popular division of thought processes into two main types, so- called System 1 and System 2... According to this view— long established in psychology and recently popularized by psychologist Daniel Kahneman’s Thinking, Fast and Slow— some cognitive processes are fast, effortless, largely unconscious, and they belong to System 1... Reading a simple text, forming a first impression of someone, navigating well- known streets all belong to System 1... The intuitions that form System 1 are, on the whole, effective, yet they are also susceptible to systematic biases... System 1 is fast, intuitive, and emotional; System 2 is slower, more deliberative, and more logical... The impact of overconfidence on corporate strategies, the difficulties of predicting what will make us happy in the future, the profound effect of cognitive biases on everything from playing the stock market to planning our next vacation—each of these can be understood only by knowing how the two systems shape our judgments and decisions...
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/05/060523072353.htm
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