Patent-level classification of process and product innovation, and identification of foundational process patents for Tham, Basandze, Sojli and Liu (2026): “Foundational processes and firm growth," Journal of Financial Economics 180.
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Do not mix vintages. The two rest on different patent snapshots and different KPSS releases, so the same patent can be classified differently in each. The foundational flag is not comparable across. Pick one vintage and use it throughout.
Use v2 for new work. Use v1 to replicate the paper, or if you need the international data or the breakthrough-product flags, which are not yet in v2.
README — file contents, variable definitions, method, and what changed between vintages. Read this before using the data.
v2 · coverage to 2024
Google Patents snapshot February 2025 · KPSS release December 2025
procprod_us_2024.csv
All US utility grants · 12,151,842 patents · 163 MB
publicfirm_patents_2024.csv
US grants of CRSP-listed firms · 3,419,552 patents · 133 MB
v1 · coverage to 2020
Published version · KPSS release June 2021
procprod_us_2020.csv
All US utility grants · 11,107,309 patents · 138 MB
publicfirm_patents_2020.csv
US grants of CRSP-listed firms · 3,050,190 patents · 134 MB
procprod_intl.csv
PATSTAT applications · 1.07 GB
Please contact any of the authors for questions regarding the data: Baslandze (baslandze.salome@gmail.com), Liu (leo.liu@uts.edu.au), Sojli (e.sojli@unsw.edu.au), Tham (w.tham@unsw.edu.au).
Last updated August 2026
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