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Session Overview
Communication skills as a critical process in developing and maintaining social relationships, learning to live in community, and general satisfaction of almost all human needs.
Communication as an ongoing process that occurs throughout all daily activities.
Products to improve or facilitate the communication process of children with cerebral palsy.
Learning Outcomes: Students will evaluate the potential of several equipments in the field of communication and be proficient in incorporating them in a functional selection process for a CP child. Participants will also learn several software adaptation strategies for usability and accessibility to the PC as well as free hardware and software solutions for physical accessibility to information and communication Technology and to help in reading and writing processes.
Communication is the ability to generate, emit, receive and understand messages, interacting with other individuals at presence or at a distance, in a particular social context. Communication skills play a critical role in the process of developing and maintaining social relationships, learning to live in community, and general satisfaction of almost all human needs.
Using alternative methods (AAC) and taking advantage of the (not so new) digital technology we can help CP children to overcome communication disabilities end open way to literacy.
We can define Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC) as an integrated set of techniques, aids, strategies and skills that a person with severe communicative incapacity uses to communicate as alternative methods to supplement or replace speech or writing.
These individuals with severe communication impairment, unable to use speech to communicate, develop, most of the times, their own strategies to interact with others but they often use specific techniques to fulfil their communication needs: pictures with words or symbols, systems with voice output , etc.., being however noted that a help for communication is not in itself a communication system, but one component of that same system.
With children with severe neuromotor dysfunction and inability to use speech as their primary means of communication, the situation becomes even more complex, affecting the processes of teaching and learning. The frequent inability of children with severe neuromotor dysfunction to achieve similar experiences to those of other children the same age groups lead sometimes to very negative and frustrating experiences, and to the adoption of an attitude of passivity and withdrawal.
Intervention strategies that involve the use of systematic Augmentative Communication Support of Assistive Technology, allow these children active participation that will influence greatly the process of acquiring new knowledge and get meaningful experiences. This is the fundamental role of Assistive Technology which, when used early, will allow greater autonomy and participation in school activities that give access to any educational curriculum.
The Augmentative Communication emerges as a powerful tool in the development of literacy for this type of population, allowing it to an active participation in literacy events, not only communicating and interacting, but also writing, producing and interpreting written language. In this module we will have a bird`s eye view on:
Aided and unaided communication systems: SPC, PECS, Bliss, Makaton, etc
Low-tech devices and high-tech dynamic communication boards
Speech output: recorded and synthetic speech
Selection techniques: direct, scanning, encoding
Rate enhancement and prediction techniques
Hearing aids and Voice amplifiers
Suggested Readings:
Suggested Readings:
Makaton - http://www.makaton.fr/
Meyer-Johnson - http://www.mayer-johnson.com/
Arasaac - http://www.catedu.es/arasaac/
Words Plus - http://www.words-plus.com/website/products/hand/mmaccs.htm
Proloquo2go - http://www.proloquo2go.com/
Grid 2 - http://www.sensorysoftware.com/
Prices - http://www.spectronicsinoz.com/product/mayer-johnson-pcs-deluxe
Tobii - http://www.tobii.com/en/assistive-technology/north-america/products/hardware/
Brain Control http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kXY50Ig773M&feature=player_embedded%20-%20!
Muscle-Computer - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1agrUM4KYs
PC Accessibility - http://www.clik.com.br/clik_01.html - prodcomp
Dasher - http://www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/dasher/portuguese/
Camera Mouse - http://cameramouse.org/
Accessibility in Apple Products - http://www.apple.com/accessibility/
Accessibility in Microsoft Products - http://www.microsoft.com/enable/products/default.aspx
Assistive Technology Eye Tracking Mouse - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMeaorBZKpc
Open Source Special Access to PC Software - http://www.oatsoft.org/Software/SpecialAccessToWindows
Cerebral Palsy & Assistive Technology Devices | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/facts_5593018_cerebral-palsy-assistive-technology-devices.html#ixzz23cBwR2hf
Makaton_http://www.makaton.fr/
Meyer-Johnson_http://www.mayer-johnson.com/
Arasaac_ http://www.catedu.es/arasaac/
Words Plus_http://www.words-plus.com/website/products/hand/mmaccs.htm
Proloquo2go_http://www.proloquo2go.com/
http://www.spectronicsinoz.com/product/mayer-johnson-pcs-deluxe
http://www.tobii.com/en/assistive-technology/north-america/products/hardware/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kXY50Ig773M&feature=player_embedded%20-%20!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1agrUM4KYs
http://www.clik.com.br/clik_01.html - prodcomp
http://www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/dasher/portuguese/
http://cameramouse.org/
BOOKS AND PUBLICATIONS
Blackstone, Sarah. Augmentative Communication: An Introduction. Rockville, MD: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 1986.
Blackstone, Sarah, et. al. Augmentative Communication Implementation Strategies. Rockville, MD: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 1988.
Burkhart, Linda. Using Computers and Speech Synthesis to Facilitate Communication.
Edwards, Alistaire. Speech Synthesis: Technology for Disabled People. Brooks Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, MD, 1991. (A comprehensive book which includes extensive resource listings of products and manufacturers.)
Goossens, C. and Crain, S. Augmentative Communication Assessment Resource. Don Johnston Developmental Equipment, 1986.
Goossens, C. and Crain, S. Augmentative Communication Intervention Resource. Don Johnston Developmental Equipment, 1986.
The Key - Augmentative and Alternative Communication Newsletter, Words +, INc., P.O. Box 1229, Lancaster, CA 93584.
ORGANIZATIONS
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 10801 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, 301-897-8682.
A.I. Dupont Institute, Applied Science and Engineering Laboratories, 1600 Rockland Road Wilmington, DE 19899, 302-651-6830.
Artifical Language Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Michigan State University, East. Lansing, MI 48824, 517-353-6622
Blissymobolics Communication Institute, 350 Rumsey Road, Toronto, Ontario, M4G 1R8, Canada, 404-261-6262
Closing the Gap, Inc, Box 68, Henderson, MN 56044
The Association for the Severely Handicapped (TASH), 1600 West Armory Way, Seattle, WA 98199.
Trace Center, S-151 Waisman Center, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705-2280, 608-262-6966
Bauby, J.-D., (1997). The Diving-Bell and The Butterfly. USA. Knopf.
Beukelman, D.R., Mirenda, P. (1994). Augmentative and Alternative Communication. Brookes. Baltimore.
Brown, C. (1954). My Left Foot. Secker & Warburg. London.
Buzolich, M.J., Wiemann, J.M. (1988). Turn Taking in Atypical Conversations: The Case of the Speaker/Augmented Communication Dyad. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 31, 3-18.
Calculator, S.N. (1988). Promoting the Aquisition and Generalisation of Conversational Skills by Individuals with Severe Disabilities. Augmentative and Alternative
Communication, 4, 94-103
Church, G., Glennen, S. (1992). The Handbook of Assistive Technology. Equipment in Rehabilitation for Health Professionals. Chapman & Hall. London.
Kukkonen, T. (1996). Possibilities of AAC-methods for persons with aphasia. In M. Kortesmaa. Aphasia a challenge to AAC (8-17). Turku: The Stroke and Aphasia Federation.
Leikas, J., Salo, J., Poramo, R. (1996). Turvahälytysjärjestelmä dementoituneen kotona asumisen tukena. Helsinki. Stakes. Raportteja.
Light, J., McNaughton, S., Parnes, P. (1986). A Protocol for the Assessment of the Communication Interaction Skills of Nonspeaking Severely Handicapped Adults and Their Facilitators. Easter Seal Comm. Institute.
Mann, W.C., Hurren, D., Charvat, B., Tomita, M. The use of phones by elders with disabilities: problems, interventions, costs. Assis. Technol. 8 (1): 23-33, 1996.
Mirenda, P., Mathy-Laikko, P. (1989). Augmentative and Alternative Communication Applications for Persons with Severe Congenital Communication Disorders: An Introduction. AAC 3-11.
Morris, D.W.H. (1992). Dictionary of Communication Disorders, Second Ed. London. Whurr Publishers.
Newell, A.F. (1992). Social Communication: Chattering, Nattering and Cheek. Communication Outlook, 14, 1, 6-8.
Salminen, A.-L., Kaasinen, E., Hannus, S. (1995) Evaluation of Communication Device: An Aphasia Case Study. Second International Gerontechnology Conference, 15-17 October, Helsinki.
Scott, J, (1998). Low Tech Methods of Augmentative Communication. In Augmentative Communication in Practice, An Introduction (2nd rev.ed., pp. 13-18). CALL Centre, University of Edinburgh.
Thursfield, C. ed. (1995) Communication and Access to Computer Technology. The Disability Information Trust. Oxford.
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