Every six years, Working Group II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change publishes a major assessment of the impacts of climate change. The information is layered, with a Summary for Policy Makers with high-level information, Technical Summaries with more detail, and multiple chapters with a lot of detail and references to the underlying literature. The Fourth Assessment Report is the latest.
The World Resources Institute reviewed international adaptation finance.
IDEAS/RePEc has a curated bibliography on this topic.