Plate tectonics / landforms

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

Vocabulary

Hadeon Eon

Iapetus ocean

plate boundary

Alfred Wegener

transform, convergent, divergent boundaries

rift, rift valley

pluton, batholith

benioff zone

ocean-continent boundary

ocean-ocean boundary

continent-continent boundary

continental drift

seafloor spreading

subduction

pangaea

folds, faults

Concepts

Origin of plate tectonics

How the volcanoes of the Cascade mountains formed

Formation of earth - 0 to 2 billion and 2 to 4 billion

How does mud from bottom of ocean end up on Mt. Everest

How is the earth like a machine and what powers the machine

Evidence that supports plate tectonic theory

Diagram a model of the earth

Diagram and label events leading to formation of an island arc (hawaii)

Diagram and explain how the atlantic ocean formed

Evidence that pangaea existed

Notes

Hadeon eon - development of earth

first billion years

meteorite impacts, volcanic activity, oceans red hot melted rock

heavier elements(iron, nickel) settled to middle forming core

gases boiled to surface - carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor - formed dense clouds

surface eventually cooled forming basalt

second billion years

rained and rained

covering most of surface with shallow oceans

erosion, oxidation

lithosphere formed - thin layer of rock floating on molten rock

first plate tectonics

earth base set

earth powered by heat from interior, radiation from sun and planetary spin

plates move forming mtns. and new oceans

300mya - 3 continents collided in center (pangaea) formed mtn. range (ancient appalachians)

new england, maritime canada britain formed from this collision

made from mud pushed up bottom iapetos ocean

appalachians so big and heavy eventually sank into mantle(similar event happening w/himalayas)

much of new england minerals formed - pink feldspar, quartz, mica garnets granite iron

pangaea broke apart - origin atlantic ocean 225-170 mya

theory of plate tectonics - earth's surface divided into few large, thick plates - 1960's

model of earth

crust - oceanic, continental

upper mantle - lithosphere 65-100 km and asthenosphere 200km

mantle - liquid rock 2870km

outer core - liquid rock

inner core - solid rock

continental drift - continents move freely over earth's surface 1-10 cm year

Alfred Wegener - pieces of earth like a puzzle

sea floor spreading - mid oceanic - ridge, rift, rift valley

ocean trenches

age - older the further away from ridge

evidence of plates moving - earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains, sea floor age

plate boundaries - leading edge of a plate

divergent - plate moving away from each other - leads to formation of oceans - mid atlantic ridge

rift - separation along sea floor (iceland)

thinning of crust allows magma reach surface

creates rift valley

continents clearly break allowing sea water in - creates ocean crust

convergent boundaries - coming together - three types

ocean-ocean creates volcanic arc (phillipines)

ocean-continent - creates volcanic mountain range(cascades)

subduction - ocean plate moving under continent plate

crust melts - benioff zone

magma creates "balloons" - batholiths really big and plutons are smaller (cadillac mountain)

rises to surface creating volcanoes and mountain ranges

continent-continent - creates mountain ranges (appalachian, himalayas)

folding - bending of rock due to extreme pressure

faulting - rock layers tilting from horizontal

transform boundaries - plates slipping past each other - san andreas fault, california

diagrams will be handed out supporting these boundary discussions