Plate tectonics / landforms
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
Vocabulary
Hadeon Eon
Iapetus ocean
plate boundary
Alfred Wegener
transform, convergent, divergent boundaries
rift, rift valley
pluton, batholith
benioff zone
ocean-continent boundary
ocean-ocean boundary
continent-continent boundary
continental drift
seafloor spreading
subduction
pangaea
folds, faults
Concepts
Origin of plate tectonics
How the volcanoes of the Cascade mountains formed
Formation of earth - 0 to 2 billion and 2 to 4 billion
How does mud from bottom of ocean end up on Mt. Everest
How is the earth like a machine and what powers the machine
Evidence that supports plate tectonic theory
Diagram a model of the earth
Diagram and label events leading to formation of an island arc (hawaii)
Diagram and explain how the atlantic ocean formed
Evidence that pangaea existed
Notes
Hadeon eon - development of earth
first billion years
meteorite impacts, volcanic activity, oceans red hot melted rock
heavier elements(iron, nickel) settled to middle forming core
gases boiled to surface - carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor - formed dense clouds
surface eventually cooled forming basalt
second billion years
rained and rained
covering most of surface with shallow oceans
erosion, oxidation
lithosphere formed - thin layer of rock floating on molten rock
first plate tectonics
earth base set
earth powered by heat from interior, radiation from sun and planetary spin
plates move forming mtns. and new oceans
300mya - 3 continents collided in center (pangaea) formed mtn. range (ancient appalachians)
new england, maritime canada britain formed from this collision
made from mud pushed up bottom iapetos ocean
appalachians so big and heavy eventually sank into mantle(similar event happening w/himalayas)
much of new england minerals formed - pink feldspar, quartz, mica garnets granite iron
pangaea broke apart - origin atlantic ocean 225-170 mya
theory of plate tectonics - earth's surface divided into few large, thick plates - 1960's
model of earth
crust - oceanic, continental
upper mantle - lithosphere 65-100 km and asthenosphere 200km
mantle - liquid rock 2870km
outer core - liquid rock
inner core - solid rock
continental drift - continents move freely over earth's surface 1-10 cm year
Alfred Wegener - pieces of earth like a puzzle
sea floor spreading - mid oceanic - ridge, rift, rift valley
ocean trenches
age - older the further away from ridge
evidence of plates moving - earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains, sea floor age
plate boundaries - leading edge of a plate
divergent - plate moving away from each other - leads to formation of oceans - mid atlantic ridge
rift - separation along sea floor (iceland)
thinning of crust allows magma reach surface
creates rift valley
continents clearly break allowing sea water in - creates ocean crust
convergent boundaries - coming together - three types
ocean-ocean creates volcanic arc (phillipines)
ocean-continent - creates volcanic mountain range(cascades)
subduction - ocean plate moving under continent plate
crust melts - benioff zone
magma creates "balloons" - batholiths really big and plutons are smaller (cadillac mountain)
rises to surface creating volcanoes and mountain ranges
continent-continent - creates mountain ranges (appalachian, himalayas)
folding - bending of rock due to extreme pressure
faulting - rock layers tilting from horizontal
transform boundaries - plates slipping past each other - san andreas fault, california
diagrams will be handed out supporting these boundary discussions