Embedded Files
A verb is a word or group of word (phrase) that is used to describe an action, state or occurrence.
[ যে Word দিয়ে কাজ করা বোঝায় তাকে Verb বলে। ]
Role of Verb in a sentence: Verb forms the main part of the predicate of a sentence. Every complete sentence must have a verb.
Verbs are:
Action: read, do, walk, bring, run, learn, eat etc.
State: be, exist, stand etc.
Occurrence: happen, become etc.
Example: - He is one of my best friends. (Using the most common to be verb)
- We learn English from the internet.
- She speaks English like the English.
Note: Verbs change their form based on time/tense (past, present, and future), person (first person, second person, and third person), number (singular, plural), voice (active and passive) etc.
Kinds of Verb:
Firstly verb is divided into two categories:
i. Principal or Main Verb
ii. Auxiliary or Helping Verb
Main Verb:
The verbs which are not dependent on other verbs in the same sentence are main verbs. We can not make a correct English sentence without main verb.
Example: - I am a web developer.
- She does her job.
- They have many problems.
Finite and Non-finite Verbs:
Finite verb:
A Verb which changes its form according to the number, person or tense and must has subject is called finite verb
Example:
- I saw her crying.
- He makes me proud.
- I will write a book in this month.
- The honey tastes sweet.
- They are doing a good job.
Non-finite verb:
A Non-finite verb is a form of verb that is not limited by person, number or tense in a sentence and cannot act as main verb.
There are three kinds of non-finite verbs.
i. Infinitive
ii. Gerund
iii. Participles
Infinitive:
Infinite verb is a non-finite verb that is made of “to + base form of verb”.
Example:
- He likes to play football.
- Honey is sweet to taste.
- The man is too late to go.
- People gathered here to hear the news.
Certain verbs such as bid, let, make, need, dare, see, hear is used without ‘to’ and is called bare infinitive.
Example:
- Make her stand.
- Let the people go there.
- You need not leave the place.
Gerund:
A gerund is a form of non-finite verb which is made up by adding the ‘ing’ at the end of the base form of a verb.
Example:
- I saw her crying.
- Swimming is good for health.
- Being tired I took rest for a while.
- Seeing is believing.
Participles:
A Participle is verbal and works as an adjective. Participle can be following types.
Present Participle: Present participle is made by adding ‘ing’ to the base form.
Example:
- A swimming snake bit him in the leg.
- Don’t put your hand into boiling water.
- Look at the setting sun.
- Don’t get into a running bus.
N. B.
Both of Gerund and Present Participles are made by adding ‘ing’ to the base form.
But difference between them is Gerund functions as a noun and present participles functions as an adjective.
Example:
- Swimming is good for the people. (Here swimming is noun)
- A swimming snake bit him in the leg. (Here swimming is an adjective)
Past Participle: Past participle is made by adding ‘ed’, ‘-d’ or ‘-t’ to the base form of a regular verb. Such as looked, said, slept, broken etc.
The past participle can be preceded by have, has, had etc. to express the perfect aspect. And it also expresses the passive voice.
Example:
- They have invited him to the party.
- The faded flower attracts none.
- It is said by them.
- The floated area is good for cultivation.
1. Transitive verb.
Transitive verb is an action verb that needs one or more objects which receive the action of the verb in a sentence.
Example:
- She reads the book. (Verb with the object ‘the book’)
- He gave me a mobile phone. (Verb with the object ‘me’ and ‘mobile phone’)
- I saw her in the market.
- Anik wants a pen form Ryan.
2. Intransitive verb.
Intransitive verb is an action verb that requires no direct object in the sentence.
Example:
- She reads. (No object in the sentence)
- Sit down here. (“)
- The birds are flying. (“)
- She is singing. (“)
- The sun set. (“)
- I walked to the park today. (“)
- I went to the campus for a scheduled class. (“)
Note: If object is available in a sentence then the verb is transitive of that sentence.
And if object is not present in sentence then the verb is intransitive of that sentence.
Example:
-He gave me a mobile phone.
Gave Whom? Answer is me. And Gave what? Answer is mobile phone.
So the “gave” verb should be a transitive verb.
-She reads.
Reads what? No answer is found.
So the reads verb is intransitive verb.
ii. Auxiliary or Helping Verb:
Verbs which help a Principal verb to form a sentence are called Auxiliary or Helping verb.
Example:
- He is singing a song.
- She is doing her job.
- They are facing many problems.
Here, is and are helping the main verb sing, do, face.
Auxiliary verbs are two types:
1. Primary Auxiliaries: Primary auxiliary verbs have no meaning it just help the main verb to complete the action of main verb.
Examples and types are:
- To be verb : am, is, are, was, were, be, been
- To do verb : do, does, did
- To have verb : have, has, had
Example:
Different forms of verb are used in different situations.
- I am doing the job. (Present Continuous)
- Ryan was sleeping that moment. (Past Continuous)
- It is done by her. (Passive form)
- Rifat reads the book. (Present form as principle verb)
- She is here. (Principle verb)
- They have completed the mission. (Present perfect)
- Does he make it?
- Have you prepared for the situation?
2. Modal Auxiliaries: Have meaning which slightly change the meaning of main verb. Such as can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must, need, dare, used to, ought to etc.
Modals only take the base form of verbs after them.
Example:
- Shall we start the game? (Asking the question)
- You should read the book attentively. (Suggest)
- Would you give a cup of coffee? (Request)
- I can do the sum? (Ability)
- May I come in? (Permission)
- I used to have tea in the evening. (Habit)
- We ought to respect our seniors (moral obligation)
Form of verb
There are mainly three forms of a verb.
Present form/ V1 Past form/ V2 Past participle/ V3
Do did done
Go went gone
Take took taken
Google Sites
Report abuse