Case

Sentence এ কোন noun বা pronoun এর সাথে অন্যান্য word বা শব্দের যে সম্পর্ক থাকে তাকে Case বলে।

Types

1. Nominative case

2. Objective case

3. Possessive case

4. Vocative case

Nominative case:

Subject of a sentence is called nominative case. The another name of nominative case is subjective case. In most of the English sentence we see nominative case. It does not mean that a sentence must have a nominative case.

We can find nominative case asking question to the verb with (who) or (what).

-Smith works in a computer farm. (who) work?

Besides, pronoun, adjective, infinitive, gerund, verbal noun, phrase, clause etc can also be used as Nominative case.

Noun as nominative - Smith works in a computer farm.

Pronoun as nominative – She went to Dhaka.

Adjective as nominative – The honest never lie to anybody.

Infinitive as nominative – To walk is beneficial for health.

Gerund as nominative– Swimming is a good for health.

Verbal noun as nominative – Working in the field is very hard task.

Phrase as nominative– A man of letters came here.

Clause as nominative– Where he kept the money was unknown to all.

Objective case:

যখন কোন noun বা pronoun কর্ম রুপে ব্যবহৃত হয় তখন তাকে Objective case বলে।

Objective কে পেতে হলে ক্রিয়াকে কাকে (whom) অথবা কি (what) দ্বারা প্রশ্ন কর।

- Rahim reads a book. (Rahim কি পড়ছে? - book)

- The horse kicked the boy. (কাকে kick করেছে? – the boy)

Objective case দুই প্রকার:

Accusative case- Accusative case nothing but the object of things. We know that object of a sentence can either be a person or a thing.

- He gave me a flower.

Dative case – Accusative case nothing but the object of person. We know that object of a sentence can either be a person or a thing.

- He knew me.

Besides, noun, pronoun, adjective, infinitive, gerund, verbal noun, phrase, clause etc can also be used as objective case.

Possessive case:

Possessive case means to possess something.

- This is my computer.

- I love Tagore's writing.

Vocative case:

By vocative case we generally mean to call some one addressing his/her name. Sometimes we respect showing words like 'Sir or Ma'am' etc.

-Hello, Smith.

-How are you, sir?

Collected from: http://www.english-bangla.com/grammar