PAINFUL (80%) vaginal bleeding (bleeding not always present if abruption is concealed),
uterine tenderness, uterine contractions
pain: sudden onset, constant, localized to lower back and uterus
shock/anemia out of proportion to apparent blood loss
± fetal distress, fetal demise (15% present with demise), bloody amniotic fluid (fetal presentation typically normal)
± coagulopathy