Seton Hill University Black Presence Timeline: 1920s
Seton Hill University Black Presence Timeline: 1920s
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1920
1920
The Negro National Baseball League is established through the leadership of Andrew Foster. The league includes 8 Black teams and provides an alternative to Black athletes excluded from the Major Leagues.
The 19th Amendment is ratified, however women of color are still disenfranchised, highlighting the duality of the Women's Suffrage Movement. Many white participants did not advocate for Black women being granted the same rights and privileges that those same women helped them to achieve.
1921
1921
The Tulsa Race Massacre occurs. This was a 2-day long terrorist attack on the Black people of "Black Wall Street". Mobs of white residents were armed by city officials and wreaked havoc on Tulsa's Black population.
Seton Hill faculty members visit the Sisters of the Holy Family in New Orleans and offers their staff various training to increase their knowledge of nursing, education, social service, and more. The intention was to equip them with tools to effectively improve the community that they served.
Civil rights leader W.E.B. Dubois comes to speak to Seton Hill College students about the color line, a term used to discuss segregation in the post-slavery United States.
1922
1922
The Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill proposed in 1918 by Missouri Representative Leonidas Dyer is passed in the House of Representatives. The bill stated that lynching, as well as mob attacks, were a violation of the 14th Amendment. 231 Representatives voted in favor of it while 119 were opposed. However, it did not reach the Senate due to southern Democrats who filibuster in order to stop it. Though it did not become law, it helped to raise awareness for the Black civil rights cause.
1923
1923
Opportunity: Journal of Negro Life, the magazine published by the National Urban League is founded. This publication would prove to be a driving force during the Harlem Renaissance.
Garrett Morgan receives a patent for the traffic signal. However, it was common for mainstream consumer bases to ignore the inventions of Black creators. Morgan actively tried to conceal his identity by using aliases, personas, and stand-ins during public events in order to ensure that his invention was successful.
1924
1924
Black attorneys in Des Moines, Iowa found the Negro Bar Association, which would eventually be renamed the National Bar Association. Its founding was inspired by the Greenville, South Carolina. To this day, it is the largest association consisting of Black judges and attorneys.
Spelman Seminary in Atlanta, Georgia becomes Spelman College. This HBCU (Historically Black College or University) is a global leader in terms of the education of Black women.
1925
1925
The American Negro Labor Congress is established by Lovett Fort-Whiteman. This organization was founded to advocate for and assist Black workers in combatting discrimination in their work environments. The organization is considered controversial, however, because of its communist beliefs.
1926
1926
February 7th is the first celebration of Negro History Week, which was developed by Carter G. Woodson. It was known by that name until 1976, when it was officially renamed Black History Month and extended to last entire month of February.
Howard University becomes known as an HBCU after the appointing of its first Black president, Mordecai Johnson. He brought many Black scholars and professors to the university.
1927
1927
The Harlem Globetrotters play their first game after being founded the previous year by Jewish booking agent and coach Abe Saperstein. The team received mixed responses. Some believed that it was an offensive utilization of Black stereotypes in order to entertain white spectators.
Floyd Joseph Calvin hosts the first Black journalism-based radio show, which was based in Pittsburgh. The show discussed Black history and influential Black Americans. The show was groundbreaking because of its dedication to positively portraying Black America.
1928
1928
Endorsed by the Soviet Union and communist communities internationally, the Black Belt Republic is proposed as a Black independent state in the American south. Josef Stalin supported it as a solution to the "Negro Question", and claimed that Black-self-determination was essential to the communist community. The idea was conceptualized by Harry Haywood, a Black American student studying at the International Lenin School in Moscow.
Oscar De Priest is the first Black American to be elected to Congress in the 20th century. He became a spokesperson for Black civil rights.
1929
1929
The St. Louis Urban League launches a boycott of stores that only hired white employees but had large Black customer bases. The intention of this was to shed light on the issue and encourage Black Americans to shop only where they are fully welcome.
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