Ethical issues are subject matters that are repeatedly argued and debated by many. Such issues include the arguments on abortion. As we all know, the discussion over whether abortion should be a legal alternative persists to be debated not just by Filipinos but citizens worldwide too. In this issue, individuals under the pro-choice group consider that it is a right of the woman to abort the embryo or fetus who has no rights yet. They deem that the government and religious authority should not turn out to be obstruction towards this right. Contrariwise, the opposite side, the pro-life, asserts that life commences at fertilization or conception. They believe that a fetus is already a living person with rights to life. They contend that aborting the living organism is a crime of killing an innocent human being.
Abortion refers to a medical or surgical procedure performed to intentionally cease a pregnancy before the fetus can live independently outside the mother. The pregnancy tissue, the fetus or embryo and the placenta are removed either via medications or surgery. It's also referred to as pregnancy termination.
If the woman decides to end her pregnancy due to incest, unwanted pregnancy, or if she can't hold responsibility and is not financially, physically, and mentally capable of the consequences of pregnancy, it is also an elective abortion. It is the term used to refer to voluntary and intentional abortion. It is performed not for maternal and fetal problems or medical reasons. This type of abortion is the most well-known abortion procedure.
Therapeutic abortion is a kind of medical or surgical abortion conducted because of maternal or fetal problems. By maternal, therapeutic abortion is performed to preserve the health and life of the mother when her pregnancy puts her in danger. By fetal, therapeutic abortion is performed in cases that involve severe fetal congenital anomalies, such as anencephaly and cerebral abnormalities.
METHODS OF ABORTION
Medical Abortion
Sometimes referred to as abortion pills, medical abortion is a procedure where the woman who intends to terminate her pregnancy undergoes medication. Pills such as mifepristone and misoprostol are used in this procedure or method. Mifepristone pills obstruct the hormone responsible for the pregnancy and detach the pregnancy tissues from the uterine wall. The other pill, misoprostol, causes a contraction to the uterus and cervix to expel the tissues. Abortion pills may cause mild to heavy periods with cramps.
Surgical Abortion
As the term suggests, this abortion requires surgeries. It requires widening or expanding the entrance to the uterus. A small suction tube is then placed in the uterus to suction the fetus and other pregnancy tissues off of the woman.
QUICK FACTS!
Did you ever know that the typical women to undergo abortion are the poor, the unmarried, and the young?
Have you heard that miscarriage is also medically referred to as spontaneous abortion? It is actually an abortion that naturally occurs due to major injuries and severe infections.
Abortion is not a new bioethical issue. It is as old as itself and continues to age because the criminalizing and legalizing matter on abortion persists as a debated topic across nations. Below is an infographic that quickly shows the timeline of abortion- from when medicines are registered to help assist abortion to when abortion becomes a popular medical procedure.
The following 67 countries have legalized abortion in at least certain early stages of gestation or have fully decriminalized abortion. North Korea was the first to legalize abortion in 1950 followed by Hungary in 1953. Just little earlier, Thailand, South Korea, Australia, and Argentina have legalized abortion this year.
In the Philippine context, abortion is still unconstitutional under all circumstances. Albeit illegal, it is common and often performed covertly, applying obsolete, unsanitary, and unsafe procedures.
Hussain and Finer (2013) reported that in a year, covert and unsafe abortion practices in the Philippines resulted in approximately 1,000 maternal deaths due to abortion complications. Also, annually there are tens of thousands of women brought to hospital care after unsafe abortions.
This question is still a matter of debate. Should there be a need to decriminalize abortion in the Philippines? What is the stance of the public about it? How is the condition of abortion in the country? To catch a sight of how abortion is widespread in the Philippines and what are its results on women who terminated their pregnancies, watch the following videos.
This three-minute video gives a glimpse of how banned prohibited prescription pills that induce abortion are illegally peddled by vendors and how a scared woman described the drastic abortion measures she had been into to cease her pregnancy.
A woman shares to Rappler her hardships and realizations on her two-time abortion experience. Believing that abortion should be legalized, her story explains why there is a need to talk or at least educate abortion, not just safe sex.
In bioethics, autonomy refers to the ability of a man to create decisions and judgments regarding his body, health, life, and death, without being forced or coerced. However, in abortion, the discussion of the autonomy of the woman is not restricted. It also discusses the due beneficence to the fetus, who is a human being and whose dignity is ought to be valued. Hence, autonomy is not infinite because the child-bearer should act in line with the freedom and fair rights of the fetus.
When a woman intended to terminate her pregnancy, she deprives the baby of the advantages of life, and as a consequence, she has lost her moral dignity as a person permanently. In the case of a person who promotes abortion as an answer to undesired pregnancy or teenage pregnancy, he or she keeps an enormous responsibility.
Accordingly, in the mother's autonomy, she must still consider her dignity and the dignity of her unborn child.
The majority of the medical associations had a generalized stance on the topic of legally approved abortions. Also, the Deontological Codes contain the ethical requirements for the protection of the unborn baby.
Below is the statement of World Medical Association (WMA) regarding medically-indicated abortion:
This segment comprises the general arguments of individuals under pro-choice and pro-life. Pro-choice refers to the group that supports abortion as a woman's choice. On the contrary, pro-life refers to the group that opposes abortion and acknowledges unborn babies as living beings with rights to be valued and respected.
Isn't it sorrowful how women are discriminated against because of the ongoing stigma regarding abortion? They are labeled as murderers and heartless just because they ended up with the decision of terminating their unwanted pregnancies. Some would say that the baby should have a chance to live. Nonetheless, women should be freed from feeling guilty for choosing abortion.
One major reason why women undergo an abortion is that they don't have the financial capability to support their baby. The majority of Filipinos are not educated about reproductive health and family planning even though we have the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012, resulting in many unwanted and unplanned pregnancies.
The phrase "Thou shalt not kill" becomes easy to view as hypocrite anti-abortionists--especially men who tolerate extra-marital intercourse yet would refuse to financially and emotionally support the child conceived because of faulty contraception. It is morally irresponsible to think that a pregnancy must be brought to term even if the mother's life is at stake when we have the medical means to save the mother. Motherhood is a very special bond between mother and child. It should be understood that a mother needs to be emotionally and financially equipped to raise a child.
I am KAREN G. TUPPIL. I support abortion.
The Philippines, as we all know, is a religious country that considers abortion to be against God's law. That is why the majority of their compatriots oppose abortion, which is still illegal in our nation. However, I am not one of those who consider abortion to be a negative thing, and I do not feel that this makes me an immoral or unethical person.
I am pro-abortion because, first, unwanted reproduction aids in the emancipation of couples, families, and communities from poverty. Research shows that women who were forbidden to get abortions were nearly four times as likely to live below the federal poverty level compared to those who got abortions. This is probably because the mother isn’t yet financially stable or even doesn’t have a job to support the baby. Connected to this is my second reason why I’m pro-abortion, which is because it provides a child with a better start in life. Women who have planned pregnancies and receive both prenatal and preconception care have healthier children. The food that the mother has a long-term impact on the child’s health and this is all possible if the mother is financially stable. Lastly, I’m pro-abortion because it is fundamental to women’s empowerment and equality. Abortion means that women have full control over their own bodies, and as a result, they will achieve the same moral status as men, as well as full political, social, and economic equality with men.
I am ROSEMARIE C. TAGUFA and I am pro-choice.
As much as we appreciate the unborn child's life, we must also respect the mother's life. I, as a man, feel that a pregnant woman should have the utmost authority over the unborn child she is carrying. It is their basic human right to chose whether or not to have children. Yes, it should be the partners to decide on having a kid, but there are circumstances wherein pregnancy is undesirable, such as rape.
Conceiving a child is hard already; how much more raising them is a lot harder; an unplanned pregnancy result in the conception of an unwanted child. Malnutrition, poverty, and neglect are the possible consequences for the child. Allowing a child to live a life they do not deserve due to a mistake is a huge weight for both the child and mother. It is possible that the youngster lacks access to education, health care, and a safe environment. Adopting the child would be the worst-case scenario.
Before the things mentioned earlier happen, a pregnant woman should have the ability to decide on their conceived child, not primarily for them but for the child's future. Terminating the pregnancy does not equate to killing them; it saves the child from the life they do not deserve.
I am JOHN AMIEL C. GASPAR and I am pro-choice.
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