Math/Stat 442 Daily Content
Math/Stat 442 Daily Content
This is a subpage of the Math/Stat 487/442 Course page. If you need overall syllabus info about Math/Stat 442, click here.
Embedded Files
This is a subpage of the Math/Stat 487/442 Course page. If you need overall syllabus info about Math/Stat 442, click here.
This course meets in Morken 26
M, W, F 9:30 - 10:30 AM
Student hours are
M, W, F 10:30-11:15am
Th 11:30-12:15pm;
& by appointment! (in person or virtual)
Cottonbro Studios. (2020). photo of person's hands with words. Licensed by Pexels: Free to use. Retrieved from Pexels.
Announcements
Announcements
- NJ welcomes questions about any of the stat, DS, or applied math programs.
- Vote for the Reike photo contest! Vote here: https://forms.gle/4NxZk8oM4LudNLWH7
To Do
To Do
HW 05 Due today
Activity 10 due Wednesday
HW 06 Due Friday
Oct 27: Indicator Variables in Multiple Regression
Oct 27: Indicator Variables in Multiple Regression
Agenda:
HW 05 summary
What was the biggest "aha" moment for you on HW 05?
What do you think is the main idea?
Last day to work on Activity 10.
(Discussion/Summary on Wednesday)
Anything you don't finish today --> HW for Wed
If you finish early, start HW 06
HW 06 doesn't require you to do any code; it is focussed more on reasoning in anova.
Cottonbro Studios. (2020). photo of person's hands with words. Licensed by Pexels: Free to use. Retrieved from Pexels.
Announcements
Announcements
Advising: NJ is happy to answer questions!
Monday: Advising Party (see flyer @ right)
Mole Day Nov 3.
To Do
To Do
Activity 09 due today
HW 05 due Monday
Activity 10 opened this morning; due next Wed
Oct 24: Indicator Variables
Oct 24: Indicator Variables
Agenda:
NJ's responses to Reflective Report #2 (see below)
Discuss Activity 09
What were your main take-aways from the Activity?
What questions were the most difficult to answer / what questions do you still have?
If time: Activity 10 (opened this morning on G.C.)
NJ's thoughts: Reflective Report #2
NJ's thoughts: Reflective Report #2
Things students feel confused about:
Confidence/Prediction intervals.
- Not a huge part of the course. For now I'd be happy if you know the difference in purpose and that there is a predict() function that can compute both.
When to transform variables.
- There is no perfect answer; you have to just play with it unless there is a disciplinary norm. Your project will give more opportunities to work with this.
- I have a resource I could share.... are you interested?
What to do and be aware of with correlated predictors.
- Yep. I'm glad you're thinking about this. We will keep looking at this more throughout the whole course. Hang in there, we will keep talking about it.
Things Students can do:
- Yes, please interact with peers more on activities!
- Yes, please keep asking questions!
Things NJ can do:
- Yes, I plan to do recaps of every activity to discuss so that you can make sure you are getting the main ideas.
- Yes, I will try to hang out at tables more during activities.
Cottonbro Studios. (2020). photo of person's hands with words. Licensed by Pexels: Free to use. Retrieved from Pexels.
Announcements
Announcements
Interested in statistics minor, Data Science major or minor, Math major or minor, and Applied Math major? NJ is happy to meet with you!
Why Swipe Right? Upper Divison Math Course Teasers today 11:45 in Morken 214. (See flyer below right, PLEASE COME!)
Mole Day Nov 3. I've heard it's awesome. (See flyer below)
To Do
To Do
HW 05 postponed—due Monday
Activity 09 due Friday
- Complete through problem 31 by Friday's class
Oct 22: Indicator Variables
Oct 22: Indicator Variables
Agenda:
Another quick example of how looking at things from a multivariable perspective can completely change the story (see below).
Chaos's great communication on HW 04
Answered the question first, provides code and evidence later.
a.Find a 95% confidence interval for the mean weight for Savannah sparrows with
We are 95% confident that the average weight of Savannah sparrows with a wing length of 20 mm is between about 10.15 g and 11.28 g.
<<then provided code>>
b. Find a 95% prediction interval for the weight of a Savannah sparrow with a wing length of 20 mm.
We are 95% confident that the weight of an individual Savannah sparrow with a wing length of 20 mm will fall between about 7.9 g and 13.5 g.
<<code went here>>
Continue Activity 09
From Zieffler, A. Statistical Modeling and Computation for Educational Scientists. Retrieved 2023-09-29 from https://zief0002.github.io/modeling/02-03-correlation.html.
Starkov, I. (2018). photo of people on building under construction. Licensed by Pexels: Free to use. Retrieved from Pexels.
Announcements
Announcements
Please take care of yourself and your community
NJ's source of support: https://lc3.com/
I'm happy to chat about non-statistics stuff or point you to resources
Advising week: reach out to your adviser to schedule a meeting!
NJ is happy to meet with anyone interested in statistics minor, Data Science major or minor, Math major or minor, and Applied Math major.
Why Swipe Right? Upper Divison Math Course Teasers Oct 22. 11:45 in Morken 214. (See flyer above)
Another biostats program doing an info session: Columbia U... (see below)
To Do
To Do
Please Read Chapter 3 of STAT2
Activity 08 due today
HW 05 due Wednesday
Complete Reflective Report #2
Includes mid-term feedback for NJ
Oct 20: Model-building and the F-test
Oct 20: Model-building and the F-test
Agenda:
Questions on HW 05
Discuss Model-level inference
Motivation: Why the F-statistic is important
Calculating the F-statistic from anova output
Briefly Explore the F-statistic using simulation methods
https://www.isi-stats.com/isi/applets.html
Geometric Interpretation of the F-statistic (see images below)
Null and Alternative Hypotheses for F-statistic
Ho: restricted model
Ha: full model
If time: Start Activity 09
Images above and below are from Kaplan, D. (2011) Statistical Modeling: A Fresh Approach.
Photo credit: see below
Announcements
Announcements
- Mid-semester break is a good time to start the hunt for internships/jobs.
- PLU Career services is here for you! (See below.)
- Coffee Fruit and Donuts today! (see below)
- Mid Semester Break (no class) this Friday
- Why Swipe Right? Upper Divison Math Course Teasers Oct 22.
- Reflective Report #2 is ready on G.C.
- Passing along a biostatistics graduate program information session (see below @ right)
To Do
To Do
- Activity 08 if not already finished - due next Monday.
- HW 05 on G.C. due Wednesday.
- Bring questions to class on Monday!
- Reflective Report #2 is ready on G.C.
Oct 15: Multiple Regression!
Oct 15: Multiple Regression!
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
Navigate multiple regression for centered predictors
Connect bivariate regression to multiple regression output where applicable
Identify issues with anova for co-linear predictors
Agenda:
10-15 min to finish up summary of Activity 08
Discuss Main ideas of last two sections of Activity 08 / Take-Aways
- summary() function doesn't change based on the order of predictors because....
- anova() function in R changes based on the order of predictors because...
- There are other types of anova. R's default is using "sequential" anova. R's summary() function is using Type III anova, which is basically the same as sequential but.....
- Discuss final summary section
- Discuss purposes of HW 05 (and compare to Activity 08).
- (If time) Start HW 05
Zimmerman, P. (2020) Books on Brown Wooden Shelf. Licensed by Pexels: free to use. Retrieved from Pexels.
Announcements
Announcements
- Coffee Fruit and Donuts today!
- Mid Semester Break (no class) Oct 17
- Why Swipe Right? Upper Divison Math Course Teasers Wed Oct 22.
To Do
To Do
- Activity 08 finish and submit pdf by Monday
Oct. 15: Multiple Regression!
Oct. 15: Multiple Regression!
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
- Experience how multiple regression might yield substantially different results than the corresponding bivariate regression models.
Agenda:
Discuss Activity 08
Zimmerman, P. (2020) Books on Brown Wooden Shelf. Licensed by Pexels: free to use. Retrieved from Pexels.
Announcements
Announcements
- PLU Math Discord: https://discord.gg/8m3Nx4xH
- Coffee Fruit and Donuts this Wednesday! Oct 15
- Mid Semester Break (no class) Oct 17
- Why Swipe Right? Upper Divison Math Course Teasers Wed Oct 22.
To Do
To Do
- Activity 08
- RESPECT THE GUESSING/intuition questions!
Oct. 13: Multiple Regression!
Oct. 13: Multiple Regression!
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
- Experience how multiple regression might yield substantially different results than the corresponding bivariate regression models.
Agenda:
In Groups:
- What is your theme song for today and why?
- Discuss Part 4:
- What was interesting about the y-intercept in these models? Why did it work that way?
- The Beta_1^ estimate is greater in model 2 than Beta_1^ in model 1, so why is R^2 for model 2 smaller?
- Why is Beta_1^ not statistically discernible (significant) from 0 in the bivariate model lm(y1~x2)?
- Discuss Part 5
- What changed in the above questions when we did a multivariable model?
Zimmerman, P. (2020) Books on Brown Wooden Shelf. Licensed by Pexels: free to use. Retrieved from Pexels.
Announcements
Announcements
- Seating Chart link
- Join PLU Math Discord Channel!
- Coffee Fruit and Donuts Oct 15
- Mid Semester Break (no class) Oct 17
- Why Swipe Right? Upper Divison Math Course Teasers Oct 22.
To Do
To Do
- Submit Activity 07 (if not already).
- Activity 08- through part 5 (question 45) by Monday please!
Oct. 10: Multiple Regression!
Oct. 10: Multiple Regression!
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
- Develop an understanding of the role of orthogonality and centering in determining appropriate predictors.
Agenda:
Activity 08 - through Part 5
Zimmerman, P. (2020) Books on Brown Wooden Shelf. Licensed by Pexels: free to use. Retrieved from Pexels.
Announcements
Announcements
- Seating Chart for new groups! link
- Electronic Undergraduate Statistics Research Conference (eUSR) is on Nov 7
- Mid Semester Break (no class) Oct 17
- Coffee Fruit and Donuts Oct 15
To Do
To Do
- Submit (if not already) Activity 07 by Thursday please.
Oct. 8: Multiple Regression!
Oct. 8: Multiple Regression!
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
Develop an understanding of the role of orthogonality and centering in determining appropriate predictors.
Agenda:
New groups
How to refer to you
Favorite TV show when you were a kid
Zimmerman, P. (2020) Books on Brown Wooden Shelf. Licensed by Pexels: free to use. Retrieved from Pexels.
Announcements
Announcements
- Seating Chart for new groups! link
- Electronic Undergraduate Statistics Research Conference (eUSR) is on Nov 7
- Mid Semester Break (no class) Oct 17
To Do
To Do
Oct. 6: Regression Inference
Oct. 6: Regression Inference
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
Develop fluency with interpretations of the summary (lm()) output.
Agenda:
Finish Activity 7 (submit a hard copy, one per group.)
data link is here.
Discuss Activity 7
Then switch to new groups
How to refer to you
Favorite TV show when you were a kid
Zimmerman, P. (2020) Books on Brown Wooden Shelf. Licensed by Pexels: free to use. Retrieved from Pexels.
Announcements
Announcements
- Seating Chart link
- Electronic Undergraduate Statistics Research Conference (eUSR) is on Nov 7
- Mid Semester Break (no class) Oct 17
To Do
To Do
- HW 04 due today (Friday)
- email me requests for new groups
Oct. 3: Regression Inference
Oct. 3: Regression Inference
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
Develop fluency with interpretations of the summary (lm()) output.
Agenda:
HW 03 comments...
Questions on HW 04
Activity 7 (submit a hard copy, one per group.)
data link is here.
Zimmerman, P. (2020) Books on Brown Wooden Shelf. Licensed by Pexels: free to use. Retrieved from Pexels.
Announcements
Announcements
- Seating Chart link
- Electronic Undergraduate Statistics Research Conference (eUSR) is on Nov 7
To Do
To Do
- HW 04 due Friday
Oct. 1: Regression Inference
Oct. 1: Regression Inference
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
Develop fluency with interpretations of the summary (lm()) output.
Agenda:
New Groups:
- Share how your group should correctly refer to you.
- What is your favorite book & why do you like it?
HW 03 comments
More Questions on HW 04?
Activity 7 (submit a hard copy, one per group.)
data link is here.
Zimmerman, P. (2020) Books on Brown Wooden Shelf. Licensed by Pexels: free to use. Retrieved from Pexels.
Announcements
Announcements
Seating Chart link for new groups
Electronic Undergraduate Statistics Research Conference (eUSR) is on Nov 7
To Do
To Do
Activity 06 due today
HW 04 due Wednesday
Sept. 29: Regression Inference
Sept. 29: Regression Inference
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
Make sense of prediction & confidence intervals.
Agenda:
New Groups:
Share how your group should correctly refer to you.
If you were to give a TED talk right now, with no preparation, on a topic, what would it be?
Warm up question: Which would you feel more confident predicting: the mean gpa of PLU students, or the gpa of one randomly selected student that you know nothing about?
- (The above warm up question illustrates the difference between a confidence interval and a prediction interval.)
Discuss any HW 04 questions in groups
Questions on HW 04
Review of z/t* (slides we probably won't use)
Zimmerman, P. (2020) Books on Brown Wooden Shelf. Licensed by Pexels: free to use. Retrieved from Pexels.
Announcements
Announcements
Postponing new groups to Monday
HW and Activity deadlines postponed
To Do
To Do
Due soon
Activity 6 (on G.C. ) due Friday?
HW 04 (on G.C.) due ... TBD?
Sept. 26: Anova and R^2
Sept. 26: Anova and R^2
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
Develop fluency with the anova() function in R.
Calculate and interpret the coefficient of determination
Agenda:
Continue NJ's lecture on Degrees of Freedom & ANOVA, this time with attention to R^2, the coefficient of determination. (see NJ's code here)
Revisit deadlines depending on time & questions.
Zimmerman, P. (2020) Books on Brown Wooden Shelf. Licensed by Pexels: free to use. Retrieved from Pexels.
Announcements
Announcements
Seating Chart link for new groups starting Friday
Please let me know if I'm not referring to you correctly!
https://databsconf.com/ today!!!
To Do
To Do
Due soon
Activity 6 (on G.C. ) due Wednesday?
HW 04 (on G.C.) due Friday?
Sept. 24: ANOVA
Sept. 24: ANOVA
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
Develop fluency with the anova() function in R.
Calculate and interpret the coefficient of determination
Agenda:
NJ's lecture on Degrees of Freedom & ANOVA
Revisit deadlines depending on time & questions.
Zimmerman, P. (2020) Books on Brown Wooden Shelf. Licensed by Pexels: free to use. Retrieved from Pexels.
Announcements
Announcements
Seating Chart link
To Do
To Do
Due soon
Activity 6 (on G.C. ) due Wednesday
HW 04 (on G.C.) due Friday
Sept. 22: ANOVA
Sept. 22: ANOVA
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
Develop fluency with the anova() function in R.
Calculate and interpret the coefficient of determination
Agenda:
Review: correlation coefficients
Pixabay (2014) Aerial View of Baseball Field. Licensed by Pexels: free to use. Retrieved from Pexels.
Announcements
Announcements
- Save the date! Nov 7 eUSR (see flyer below)
- Brief Comment on plots in this class.
- MEA Reports comment
- The ultimate goal was to choose a model, not a measure
- Modeling, especially with transformations, is not a series of tests and procedures.
To Do
To Do
- Read Ch. 01 (if not already)
HW 03 "Due" Friday
Activity 4 on G.C.
- Pausing this one for now... purposefully has no due date on GC
Activity 5 on G.C. due Friday
- Last chance (I hope) to email NJ group/seating requests.
Sept. 19: Linear Models & Transformations
Sept. 19: Linear Models & Transformations
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
Develop fluency with the lm() function in R.
Transform variables to meet conditions for a linear model
Evaluate whether a linear model is appropriate.
Agenda:
Discuss in groups:
- What is something you have created or built lately that you're proud of or surprised by and why?
- Residuals vs. Fitted Values Plot
- What is it and why use fitted values instead of x?
NJ's R tips
- plot() function:
- (x,y) arguments or (y~x)
- I recommend the latter
- lm() function:
- when to use data= argument
- summary( my_lm )
- plot() function:
HW Questions
Finish Activity 05: Intro to Linear Models.
Check in: how are we doing on HW deadlines, activity deadlines?
- If time: Start Activity 06 (the really important one!).
Pixabay (2014) Aerial View of Baseball Field. Licensed by Pexels: free to use. Retrieved from Pexels.
Announcements
Announcements
Anyone still need help with googlesheets4 package or Stat2Data packages?
How to view comments in google classroom
If time/relevant: R tips
- how to think about installing and loading packages
- command prompt and escaping out
To Do
To Do
Read Ch. 01 (if not already)
HW 03 "Due" Friday
Activity 4 on G.C.
- Pausing this one for now to focus on Activity 05, which is preparation for the HW due Friday.
- We will have some time on Friday to work on anything, including this.
Email NJ if you have requests for the next groups.
- Proximity to window or door
- Position relative to the screen
- Personnel to avoid to support your learning (I don't need details)
- Proximity to outlets
Sept. 17: Linear Models & Transformations.
Sept. 17: Linear Models & Transformations.
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
Develop fluency with the lm() function in R.
Transform variables to meet conditions for a linear model
Evaluate whether a linear model is appropriate.
Agenda:
Go through Ch. 01 together.
- Conditions for a linear model (see Ch. 1 of Cannon et al.)
Activity 05: Intro to Linear Models.
Announcements
Announcements
Coffee Donuts Fruit (free!) in ERB on September 15 11:45am-12:15pm
To Do
To Do
Read Ch. 1 before next class
- It introduces a lot of notation that we will build upon.
- Bring your questions about the chapter to class on Wed!
Due Friday 3:00pm
HW 03
Email NJ if you have requests for the next groups.
- Proximity to window or door
- Position relative to the screen
- Personnel to avoid to support your learning (I don't need details)
- Proximity to outlets
Sept. 15: MEA presentations & loading data.
Sept. 15: MEA presentations & loading data.
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
Think about different measures of model fit
Import data frames from the web using packages.
Install and load Stat2Data package (and use data from it.)
Agenda:
HW01 remarks
Model fit MEA Presentations
- Abi's group
- Morgan's group
- Yuta's group
Get started on Activity 04: Packages and Loading Data...
- If you need an intro to packages (slides)
- You don't need to finish it today, you just need to get set up with the googlesheets4 package & the data package from the book
Your choice:
Any remaining HW2 Questions
Continue working on Activity 04
Start working on HW 03
Announcements
Announcements
- Submit to the CAUSE cartoon contest! https://www.causeweb.org/cause/caption-contest/september/2025/submissions
Coffee Donuts Fruit (free!) in ERB on September 15 11:45am-12:15pm
- Interest meeting for the International Collegiate Programming Contest (ICPC) Tuesday September 16th at 11:30 AM in MCLT 210 (See flyer @ right)
To Do
To Do
Activity 01: Measure Creation Report Due Friday (one per group)
HW 02 due Monday (postponed)
Activity 02: Intro to R (OPTIONAL)
Activity 03: Data Structures due Friday
(work in pairs; submit individually)
Challenge: try to do it in Quarto?
MEA 3-slide presentations on Monday I hope?
Sept. 12: HW, MEA Wrap up, & Quarto Presentations
Sept. 12: HW, MEA Wrap up, & Quarto Presentations
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
Wrap up your MEA
Get to know Quarto
Agenda:
Check in: A lot of stuff is due; how are you doing?
HW Questions
Finish MEA with your group.
Make a 3-slide presentation of your modeling MEA results using quarto.
Time to finish Activity 03
Announcements
Announcements
Reike photo contest! (see flyer)
Time for HW questions on Friday; email NJ in advance if you can
Coffee Donuts Fruit (free!) in ERB on September 15 11:45am-12:15pm
To Do
To Do
Activity 01: Measure Creation Report Due Friday (one per group)
HW 02 is ready on G.C.... due Friday
Activity 02: Intro to R (OPTIONAL)
Activity 03: Data Structures due Friday
(work in pairs; submit individually)
Challenge: try to do it in Quarto?
Sept. 10: R & Quarto
Sept. 10: R & Quarto
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
Develop fluency working with vectors
Develop fluency working with data frames
Get to know Quarto
Agenda:
Intro to Quarto (notes)
Finish MEA with your group.
Challenge: Make a 3-slide presentation of your modeling MEA results using quarto.
Announcements
Announcements
Book is in ERB (Math Center, across from my office).
To Do
To Do
Update your version of R and R Studio
Skim OPTIONAL Activity 2 for anything you didn't already know about R, and complete it if you aren't familiar with the material.
You do not need to turn in anything for Activity 2.
HW 02 is ready on G.C.
Please submit as a pdf to GC
Sept 8: What makes good fit?
Sept 8: What makes good fit?
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
Create measures to evaluate models
Evaluate measures of model fit
Agenda:
In Groups:
Share/remind us how we should refer to you
Share about your favorite PLU class NOT in your major or minor and why you liked it.
Finish (Hopefully!) Model Selection MEA (in Groups).
Announcements
Announcements
Please correct me if I refer to you incorrectly!
in-person or an email nudge is great!
Info sheet concerns:
Yes, you can choose your own group for end of course project
Yes, we will use R extensively but I have a lot of resources, so come talk to me!
Nat Sci opportunity fair today in the grass outside Reike 2-3pm
To Do
To Do
Reminder! Due by Thursday (yesterday!)
Join Google Classroom
Reflective Report #1 (~15 min)
Read Syllabus
HW 01 due Friday at 3pm (soft). Submit as PDF to Google Classroom
Update your version of R and R Studio
Sept 5: What makes good fit?
Sept 5: What makes good fit?
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
Create measures to evaluate models
Evaluate measures of model fit
Agenda:
In Groups:
Share/remind us how we should refer to you
Share about your favorite pet & why you liked it. (If no pets? Share your Favorite family member or friend)
Discuss HW: what was the hardest question for you and why do you think it was the most difficult?
Discuss remaining HW questions as a large group
Work on Model Selection MEA (in Groups).
Announcements
Announcements
Seating Chart link
Welcome! I am Dr. Justice!
Important websites:
How to reach the syllabus
How to reach this Weekly Content Page
Best way to reach NJ is via email
If you have a question about coursework be sure to include the prompt in the email.
Student (Office) Hours:
(See top of this page)
To Do
To Do
Due by Thursday (7:30pm):
Join Google Classroom
Reflective Report #1 (~15 min)
Read Syllabus
HW 01 due Friday at noon. Submit as PDF to Google Classroom
Sept 3: Introduction
Sept 3: Introduction
Learning Goals:
Learning Goals:
Get to know some of the course structure, etc.
Get to know two important websites (G.C. and this one!)
Develop measures to evaluate models
Agenda:
Intro to the Course (slides intentionally not included).
Model Selection MEA (in Groups).
Get to know groups/ assign roles...
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