Tectonic Setting

Kawah Ijen is part of a convergent plate boundary. It is on the subduction zone of the Indo-Australian plate beneath the Eurasian plate, which forms the Sunda Arc of stratovolcanoes. This subduction zone causes the melting of the subducted crust and mantle material, which forms magma and feeds volcanoes like Kawah Ijen (Global Volcanism Program, 2024).