Culture:
Kawah Ijen is famous for its sulfur miners who work in extremely dangerous and taxing conditions. They carry very heavy loads of sulfur from the crater without protective gear, which exposes them to toxic gases. The local community has been passing down this work for generations despite the health risks (Global Volcanism Program, 2024: Klook, n.d).
Hazards:
Toxic gases like sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.
The highly acidic crater lake could lead to chemical burns or environmental damage.
Phreatic eruptions can occur suddenly.
The steep slope increase the risk of mudflows.
^(Global Volcanism Program, 2024; Klook, n.d.; Susetyo et al., 2024)