THEME vs. MOTIF vs SYMBOL

Theme

The big idea or message about life or human nature that the author explores.

The Odyssey: “Homecoming and perseverance matter more than glory.”

Motif

A repeated element (image, word, action, or idea) that keeps showing up to help develop the theme.

Repeated references to the sea or journeys remind readers of struggle and longing for home.

Symbol

A single object, character, or image that stands for a deeper meaning beyond itself.

Odysseus’s bow symbolizes rightful leadership and strength.

Quick way to remember:

• Theme = The Meaning (big message)

• Motif = Moves the Theme (repeated patterns that point to it)

• Symbol = Stands for Something (one concrete thing with deeper meaning)

EXAMPLES using Harry Potter

Theme:
The power of love and sacrifice.
Example: Harry's mother's sacrificial love protects him and plays a crucial role in defeating Voldemort.

Motif:
Recurring use of the lightning bolt scar on Harry's forehead.
Example: The scar symbolizes Harry's unique connection to Voldemort and the theme of destiny and sacrifice.

Symbol:
The Sorting Hat.
Example: The Sorting Hat symbolizes identity, choices, and the qualities that define each house and character.