12 POWER WORDS - quizlet

🔑 KEY Academic VOCABULARY🔑

HIGH SCHOOL and Beyond! 

QUIZLET

ARGUMENT WRITING - writing to persuade; convince

                                  evidence - see middle school VOCAB below

                                  credible - believable 

                                  valid - credible, believable

                                  formulate - see 12 power words above

                                  logical - reasonable; to be expected 

Diction - a writer's way of using language to create a unique voice (use of vocabulary, the vividness of the language, and the appropriateness of the words.

Colloquialism  - a word or phrase that is not formal or literary, typically one used in ordinary or familiar conversation.  Some examples of informal colloquialisms can include words (such as “y'all” or “gonna” or “wanna”), phrases (such as “old as the hills” and “graveyard dead”), or sometimes even an entire aphorism (“There's more than one way to skin a cat” and “He needs to step up to the plate.”). https://www.apsu.edu/writingcenter/writing-resources/slang-expressions-and-colloquial-language.pdf 

INFORMATIVE  WRITING - writing to inform

                                       disrupt - to cause disorder or turmoil in (EXAMPLE: The news disrupted their conference.)

                                       coherent - logically connected; consistent (EXAMPLE: a coherent argument.)

                                       notation - a system of graphic symbols for specialized use, other than ordinary  

                              writing  (EXAMPLE: musical notation)

                                       aggregate - total; combined  (EXAMPLE: the aggregate amount of indebtedness)

                                       express -  to put (thought) into words; utter or state (EXAMPLE: to express an idea 

                                 clearly) to show, manifest, or reveal (EXAMPLE: to express one's anger)

NARRATIVE WRITING -  writing that tells a story

                          conflict - to come into collision or disagreement; be contradictory, at variance, or in                                   opposition; clash:

                    (EXAMPLE: The account of one eyewitness conflicted with that of the other. My class conflicts with my  

                     going to the concert.)

                          description - a statement, picture in words, or account that describes; 

                          dialogue - see middle school vocab below

                         exposition - see middle school vocab below

sequence - the following of one thing after another; succession; order of succession:

                (EXAMPLE: a list of books in alphabetical sequence.)

Persuasive appeals - (logos, ethos, pathos) appeals to authority/credibility (ethos); appeals to reason/logic (logos); appeals to emotion (pathos)

Punctuation - marks (other than letters) that are used to organize writing and make its meaning clear (Example: period, question mark, comma, dash - , ellipsis...) 

Rhetoric/Rhetorical Devices - language devices; the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques. 

                                        Parallelism - the use of similar grammatical structures to express related ideas

                                (EXAMPLE: We shall pay any price, bear any burden, oppose any foe...)

                                 Rhetorical Question - a question to which no response is expected because the answer is   obvious or is the point the writer intends to prove    (EXAMPLE: If winter comes, can spring be far behind?)

                                Charged Language - strong words that appeal to the emotions and create a powerful   impression on readers

                               (EXAMPLE: Only a fool or a cheat would oppose these new rules.)

                                Repetition - using the same words frequently to reinforce concepts and unify the speech

                                Analogy - drawing a comparison that shows the similarity between two unlike things

                               Antithesis - a form of parallelism that emphasizes contrasts  (EXAMPLE: It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.)

                               Allusion - a brief, unexplained reference to a well-known person, historical event,  

                             organization, literary work, or place  (EXAMPLE: We all got the feeling that we were not in Kansas anymore. reference to Wizard         of  Oz)        

Repetition - using the same words frequently to reinforce concepts and unify the speech:

 1. Anaphora 

    Definition: The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences.
        Effect: Creates emphasis and rhythm; often used in speeches.
        Example:“We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets…”   —     Winston Churchill

   2. Epistrophe (or Epiphora)

          Definition: The repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive clauses or sentences.
          Effect: Reinforces a key idea through echo and closure.
      Example: “See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil.”

   3. Symploce

          Definition: The combination of anaphora and epistrophe—repetition at both the beginning and end of successive clauses.
          Effect: Creates a powerful balance and memorable rhythm.
          Example: “When there is talk of hatred, let us stand up and talk against it.
                            When there is talk of violence, let us stand up and talk against it.”

    4. Anadiplosis

               Definition: Repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the next.
              Effect: Links ideas and builds a sense of continuity or climax.
              Example: “Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering.”    —Star Wars: The Phantom Menace

  5. Epanalepsis

            Definition: Repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning and end of a sentence or clause.
            Effect: Draws attention to a key idea, creating a circular emphasis.
            Example: “The king is dead, long live the king.”

      6. Diacope 

            Definition: Repetition of a word or phrase with one or more words in between.
                Effect: Adds dramatic emphasis or emotional intensity.
                Example: “Free at last, free at last, thank God Almighty, we are free at last.”   —Martin Luther King Jr.

                       7. Polysyndeton

          Definition: The deliberate use of many conjunctions (“and,” “or,” “but”) for emphasis or effect.
              Effect: Slows the pace and gives a sense of abundance or overwhelming emotion.
              Example: “We have ships and men and money and stores.”

 8. Asyndeton

                                 Definition: The omission of conjunctions between words or phrases.
                                Effect: Speeds up the rhythm and gives a sense of urgency or intensity.
                                Example: “I came, I saw, I conquered.”

9. Refrain

                              Definition: A line or group of lines repeated at regular intervals in a poem or song.
                              Effect: Creates rhythm, structure, and emotional resonance.
                            Example: From Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Raven”:    “Quoth the Raven, ‘Nevermore.’”

(Types of Repetition definitions and examples ChatGPT prompt )

Satire - the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues. 

Syntax - the way that words are organized, such as their order in a sentence or phrase (Example:  inverted  word ord order to help emphasize words or add meter/rhyme to a poem)               

Vivid Language - strong, precise words to bring ideas to life and to communicate them forcefully, (strong verbs, precise adjectives)

Paradox - a statement that is seemingly contradictory or opposed to common sense and yet is perhaps true; a self-contradictory statement that at first seems true

Juxtapose (juxtaposition) - to place (different things) side by side (as to compare them or contrast them or to create an interesting effect); the act or an instance of placing two or more things side by side often to compare or contrast or to create an interesting effect 

Motif - a distinctive feature or dominant idea in an artistic or literary composition. (Theme vs. Motif)

implicit - implied though not plainly expressed

explicit - definite, clearly stated

🔑 KEY Academic VOCABULARY🔑

MIDDLE SCHOOL 

QUIZLET 1 and QUIZLET 2

  Accomplish                   to bring to a successful finish

Alliteration                     the repetition of beginning consonant sounds

Analyze to examine and explain

Antonym a word with the opposite meaning of another word

Assertion to stament or declaration by an author

Assumption a statement that is believed to be true by its author

 Author’s attitude the tone of an author or their feeling toward a topic or piece of writing

Author’s Purpose the reason an author writes something

Bias a personal and often unreasoned judgement or opinion;based on prejudice

Cause the reason something happens

Central Idea the most important idea in a piece of writing

Cite to find textual support for your reasoning

Claim (Author’s Claim) make a statement that is believed to be true

Climax the turning point of a story; the most exciting part

comparison looking at similarities

Conclusion(drawing a …)  a decision that is made after looking at all of the facts

 QUIZLET 3 and QUIZLET 4

 conflict the problem in a story between characters or opposing forces

Connotation the set of ideas associated with word meaning

 Context clues words, phrases, or sentences around a word that gives clues to its definition

Contrasts differences

Convey to make a statement or communicate an idea through writing

Create to make something or bring into being

 demonstrate to show clearly

Denotation the dictionary meaning of a word

Describe to give more detail

Descriptive Language  language that descibes; gives good detail

 Determine to decide or conclude through reasoning or observation

Development (of idea) to build an idea throughout a piece of writing

Dialogue characters having a conversation

Distinguish to see a difference

  drawback an undesirable feature; disadvantage

Effect the result of an event

Emphasize stress an idea or thought for importance

Evidence something that provides proof for a statement or fact

 QUIZLET 5 and QUIZLET 6

 Excerpt a passage, quotation, or segment taken from a larger work

Explain to make known or understandable

Exposition the beginning of a story; the introduction of a work of literature work

express to make one's opinions, feelings, or abilities known

 Extended Metaphor a metaphor that is carried out through an entire piece of writing

Falling Action events that follow the climax that help bring the story to a close

fiction prose writing that tells about imaginary characters and events

Figurative Language language that is not meant to be taken literally

 flashback interrupting a story to tell about an event that happened in the past

Footnotes (asterisk & numbers)  information at the bottom of the page that provide more information 

Foreshadowing when an author provides clues about what may happen in the future

formulate to put in a systematic statement or expression

 genre a category of literature based on style, form, or subject matter

hyperbole extreme exaggeration or overstatement

identify                               to find, point out; to show or tell who or what something is

identify                               to find, point out; to show or tell who or what something is

illustrate to create a picture or show in detail

imagery descriptive language that appeals to one of the five senses

 QUIZLET 7 

impact to have a direct effect on

imply to express indirectly : suggest rather than say plainly 

Inference a piece of information that is not directly stated but leads to a logical assumption

Irony when a situation or circumstance is not what it actually seems

Judgment an opinion or idea based on the facts of a piece of writing

Metaphor a direct comparison that does not use “like or as”/describing something as if it were something else

Mood the feelings that the selection creates for the reader

Names (verb) states or makes a statement

Nonfiction prose writing that tells about real people, places, and events

objective dealing with facts without letting one's feelings interfere with them (subjective = personal)

Onomatopoeia word that imitates the sound it describes

Paraphrase put in your own words

Personification giving human characteristics to non-human things

Plot series of events in a in a work of fiction

Point of View (Story) the perspective from which a reading selection is told 

Point of view (Perspective) a way of viewing things; a position on a certain topic; opinions

 QUIZLET 8

Portray to depict or show in words or ideas

Position (Author’s Position) the opinion or perspective of the author; one side of a debate

Prose ordinary writing that is not poetry, drama, and song

Purpose the result or goal of an action 

Quote something that is directly from a text

Refer go back to

Refine (an idea) to make better or improve

Resolution/resolve the conclusion/ how it all ends up

 Reveal to make clear or show

Rising Action events in the plot that complicate the conflict that lead to the climax

Setting when & where a story is taking place

Significance importance

Similar the same

Simile figure of speech that compares two unlike things using like or as

Stanza in a poem, a grouping of lines set off by a space

Style a set of characteristics or tendencies an author uses in writing

 QUIZLET 9

 Suggest (what does the term suggest, etc.)  what does it mean or given an explanation of

Summarize (objective summary) to state briefly the most important parts; no opinion 

Support evidence or facts that a statement is based on

Synonym a word that means the same, or almost the same, as another word

 Theme central message or purpose of a reading selection

Tone the writer’s attitude toward the subject

Trait quality or characteristic

Viewpoints perspective or opinion