Stem Changers

[present subjunctive]

Basic info:

Subjunctive verbs still have stem changes, but -ir verbs will have an additional, 1-letter change outside of the boot.

If you need a refresher on stem changers and what "inside/outside of the boot" means, go here first!

-ar and -er stem changers

Verbs whose infinitives end in -ar and -er will stem change normally.

What does that mean? It means that the stem will change INSIDE the boot, but the stems on the two conjugations OUTSIDE the boot (nosotros & vosotros) will not! See examples to the left.

-ir stem changers

In addition to having the "regular" stem change INSIDE of the boot, there will also be a 1-letter stem change OUTSIDE of the boot in the nosotros & vosotros conjugations.

-IR STEM CHANGES:

  • INSIDE: e --> ie

  • OUTSIDE: e--> i


  • INSIDE: e --> i

  • OUTSIDE: e--> i


  • INSIDE: o --> ue

  • OUTSIDE: o --> u


Online practice

o t h e r t o p i c s

[Present subjunctive]