Unit 5. Gym activities and games

Parts of a Workout

There are three general elements to every successful workout. These are known as the warm-up, training and cool-down. Understanding these three elements will also ensure that you get results safely.

 Warm-up

A good warm-up before a workout dilates your blood vessels, ensuring that your muscles are well supplied with oxygen. It also raises your muscles’ temperature for optimal flexibility and efficiency. By slowly raising your heart rate, the warm-up also helps minimize stress on your heart.

“Warming up before any workout or sport is critical for preventing injury and prepping your body,” said Johnny Lee, M.D., director of the Asian Heart Initiative at the New York University Langone Medical Center and president of New York Heart Associates in New York City.

“Stretching allows for greater range of motion and eases the stress on the joints and tendons, which could potentially prevent injury. Warming up, such as low-heart rate cardio, prepares the circulatory and respiratory system for the upcoming ‘age- and type-appropriate target heart rate’ exercising, whether it’s endurance or sprint type of activities.”

Tips:

• • Warm up for 5 to 10 minutes. The more intense the activity, the longer the warm-up. 

  • Do whatever activity you plan on doing (running, walking, cycling, etc.) at a slower pace (jog, walk slowly). 

  • Use your entire body. For many people, walking on a treadmill and doing some modified bent-knee push-ups will suffice.

Cool down

Cooling down after a workout is as important as warming up. After physical activity, your heart is still beating faster than normal, your body temperature is higher and your blood vessels are dilated. This means if you stop too fast, you could pass out or feel sick. A cool-down after physical activity allows a gradual decrease at the end of the episode.

It’s good to stretch when you’re cooling down because your limbs, muscles and joints are still warm. Stretching can help reduce the buildup of lactic acid, which can lead to muscles cramping and stiffness.

Tips:

• • Walk for about 5 minutes, or until your heart rate gets below 120 beats per minute.

  • Stretching:

    • • Hold each stretch 10 to 30 seconds. If you feel you need more, stretch the other side and return for another set of stretching.

      • The stretch should be strong, but not painful.

      • Do not bounce.

      • Breathe while you’re stretching. Exhale as you stretch, inhale while holding the stretch.

So do your body a favor.  Take time to gradually progress into your workout and cool down when you’re done being physically active.