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Background
Background
Myogenesis
Myogenesis
The process of myogenesis begins with proliferative and undifferentiated precursor stem cells called myoblasts. These myoblasts eventually exit the cell cycle and become terminally differentiated myocytes committed to forming the contractile apparatus in vivo.
In vitro systems mimic this process via the aggregation and fusion of myoblasts into multinucleated myotubes.
Myogenesis occurs not only during embryonic development but also in response to exercise or muscle damage.
Myoblasts
Myoblast Fusion
Zeineldin N, BIOL 3102, 2019
Matured Myotubes
Figure 1. Myoblast differentiation (Myogenesis). Reprinted from JAK-STAT pathway and myogenic differentiation by Jang, YN & Baik, EJ, 2013, JAKSTAT. 2013;2(2):e23282. Derived from embryonic mesodermal tissue, myoblasts are proliferative stem cells that are specified to the myogenic lineage. Myoblast cell cycle arrest leads to the formation of terminally differentiated myocytes fully committed to forming skeletal muscle. In vitro aggregation and fusion of myocytes produces myotubes that will further develop to form mature myofibers.
C2C12 Cell Line
C2C12 Cell Line
C2C12 cells are a subcloned myoblast line derived from the C2 cell line, which was obtained from the crushed thigh muscle of a live mouse (Yaffe & Saxel, 1977). C2C12 cells have the ability to differentiate rapidly and produce extensive myotubes with the potential to contract (European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures, 2018). The C2C12 cell line is a popular in vitro model for studying the process of myogenic differentiation and related biochemical mechanisms. These cells can also be stimulated to transdifferentiate and form osteoblasts, providing an additional avenue for orthopaedic research (Katagiri et al., 1994).
Student Projects
Student Projects
References
References
European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures. (2018). Cell line profile C2C12. phe-culture collections. https://www.phe-culturecollections.org.uk/media/157858/c2c12-cell-line-profile.pdfJang, YN & Baik, EJ. (2013). JAK-STAT pathway and myogenic differentiation. JAKSTAT. 2013;2(2):e23282. doi:10.4161/jkst.23282 Katagiri, T., Yamaguchi, A., Komaki, M., Abe, E., Takahashi, N., Ikeda, T., ... & Suda, T. (1994). Bone morphogenetic protein-2 converts the differentiation pathway of C2C12 myoblasts into the osteoblast lineage. The Journal of cell biology, 127(6), 1755-1766.Yaffe, D., & Saxel, O. R. A. (1977). Serial passaging and differentiation of myogenic cells isolated from dystrophic mouse muscle. Nature, 270(5639), 725-727.
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