APA

For short direct quotes, make sure to include author's last name, year of publication, and page number. If paraphrasing the author's ideas from the article, you do not need to include the page number, but you still are required to cite your work using author and date. This format applies to all short in-text citations, regardless of whether you are citing a book, journal article, website, or something else.

Examples:

According to Smith (2020), "kumquats are the best fruit in all of existence" (p. 84).

There has been much discussion about the flavor of fruit, but "kumquats are the best fruit in all of existence" (Smith, 2020, p. 84).

Debate surrounds the best tasting fruit, but Smith (2020) argues that kumquats are superior.

If there are two authors of a work, use both last names separated by an ampersand (&). If there are three or more authors, use the first name listed and "et al."

Examples:

According to Smith & Jones (2018), "apples are better than kumquats" (p. 68).

While I believe that kumquats are the best fruit, some believe "apples are better than kumquats" (Smith et al., 2019, p. 24).

Don't know the date? Just use n.d. instead. If you're using a web source and don't have page numbers, you'll have to count the paragraph number instead and notate it using para.

Examples:

While kumquats taste good, "the best fruit to put on toast is avocados" (Smith, n.d., p. 25).

Smith (1964) indicates that "avocados taste best when they are mashed" (para. 46).

Forrer Learning Commons Library Services: Citing Sources and Preventing Plagiarism: Citing With APA Style. libguides.bridgewater.edu/c.php?g=944737&p=7752763. 

For longer in-text citations, you will need to format your citation using a block quote. Long quotations are characterized as 40 or more words. To create a block quote, you will want to use a 1/2" left-indent.

Example:

There are many ways to plagiarize, but:

Most people do not set out to deliberately plagiarize. In many cases it occurs because students simply don't know how to properly cite the sources for their papers or projects. The best way to avoid and prevent plagiarism is to understand how to use the style guides like MLA, APA, or Chicago. Each profession has its own citation style, and you can find guides for each in the library's collection. You can also find tutorials and assistance through the Bridgewater Writing Center located in the Forrer Learning Commons. (Baugher, 2020, para. 1).

Unsure how to do this? Well, simply select all of the text you would like to turn into a block quote and use the Tab key on your keyboard. This will create the 1/2" indent that you will need.

Forrer Learning Commons Library Services: Citing Sources and Preventing Plagiarism: Citing With APA Style. libguides.bridgewater.edu/c.php?g=944737&p=7752763. 

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

Example:

Written by one author: 

Kurtz, T. G. (1972). A random trotter product formula. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 35(1), 147–148. https://doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9939-1972-0303347-5

Written by multiple authors: 

Zhang, X., Moore, C., & Newman, M. E. J. (2017). Random graph models for dynamic networks. The European Physical Journal B : Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, 90(10), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2017-80122-8

Written by no authors: 

Random thoughts: "hose stuff". (1999). Fire Engineering, 152(6), 140–140.

Forrer Learning Commons Library Services: Citing Sources and Preventing Plagiarism: Citing With APA Style. libguides.bridgewater.edu/c.php?g=944737&p=7752763. 

Traditional Print books:

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher Name.

Examples: 

• Anderson, C. (2016). White rage: The unspoken truth of our racial divide. Bloomsbury.

• Kendi, I. X. (2019). How to be an antiracist. One World.

• Oluo, I. (2018). So you want to talk about race. Seal Press.

Electronic books:

Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of book [eBook edition]. Publisher. URL

*It is only necessary to denote format when the electronic version differs from the traditional print version.*

Audiobooks:

Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of book (N. Narrator, Narr.) [Audiobook]. Publisher.

*It is only necessary to denote format when the audiobook version differs from the traditional print version in some way (is abridged or has additional content).*

Forrer Learning Commons Library Services: Citing Sources and Preventing Plagiarism: Citing With APA Style. libguides.bridgewater.edu/c.php?g=944737&p=7752763. 

Traditional print news article:

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, pages.

Collins-Hughes, L. (2020, August 1). Provincetown: Go for the mask compliance: Stay for the show. New York Times, C1. 

Online news article (from a publisher with a physical newspaper):

Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of Publication. URL

Parker-Pope, T. (2020, April 10). A user's guide to face masks. New York Times. https://nyti.ms/39Ycq3p

Online news article (from a publisher wihtout a physical newspaper):

Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Name of publishing website. URL

Example with author: 

Reinstein, J. (2020, July 30). Breonna Taylor is on the cover of O magazine—The first one ever without Oprah. Buzzfeed News. https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/juliareinstein/breonna-taylor-cover-o-magazine-oprah

Example without author: 

(2020, July 28). Mom calls daughter in panic after ultra-realistic nightmare that she chopped off her beautiful hair. The Onion. https://local.theonion.com/mom-calls-daughter-in-panic-after-ultra-realistic-night-1844530828

Forrer Learning Commons Library Services: Citing Sources and Preventing Plagiarism: Citing With APA Style. libguides.bridgewater.edu/c.php?g=944737&p=7752763. 

Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL

Example with an author: 

Stopera, D. (2020). 23 people who seriously need to take a long, hard look at a dictionary. Buzzfeed. https://www.buzzfeed.com/daves4/bad-spelling-errors?origin=web-hf

Group name. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL

Example with a group as the author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, July 31). How to Protect Yourself & Others. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html

Title of page. (Year, Month Date). Site name. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL

Example with no author: Aaron Swartz. (n.d.) Wikipedia. Retrieved August 8, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Swartz

Forrer Learning Commons Library Services: Citing Sources and Preventing Plagiarism: Citing With APA Style. libguides.bridgewater.edu/c.php?g=944737&p=7752763. 

Photographer, P. (Year of publication). Title of image [Image type]. Source. URL

Examples:

Kuzma, R. (2020). A classic SoHo artist's loft [Photograph]. New York Times. https://nyti.ms/2ZOe9Gt 

Nelson, K. (2020). Distant summer [Illustration]. New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cover-story/cover-story-2020-07-06

If the author isn't a person, but a group, use the groups name:

Taylor & Francis Group. (2018). Understanding peer review [Infographic]. Taylor & Francis Author Services. https://authorservices.taylorandfrancis.com/peer-review/

If you don't know the title of the image, use a short description in brackets as the title:

Nankvervis, N. (2019). [Child using smart phone] [Illustration]. ABC Life. https://www.abc.net.au/life/what-to-do-if-your-child-sees-something-disturbing-online/10915842?utm_source=abc_life&utm_medium=content_shared&utm_content=link&utm_campaign=abc_life

Forrer Learning Commons Library Services: Citing Sources and Preventing Plagiarism: Citing With APA Style. libguides.bridgewater.edu/c.php?g=944737&p=7752763. 

Blogpost:

Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of post. Publisher. URL

Facebook:

Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group. (Year, Month Date). Content of the post up to the first 20 words [Type of post]. Site Name. URL

Instagram:

Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group [@username]. (Year, Month Date). Content of the post up to the first 20 words [Type of post]. Site Name. URL

Twitter:

Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group [@username]. (Year, Month Date). Content of the post up to the first 20 words[Tweet]. Site Name. URL

YouTube (or other streaming video):

Last Name, F. M. [Username]. (Year, Month Date). Title of video [Video]. Streaming Service. URL

Forrer Learning Commons Library Services: Citing Sources and Preventing Plagiarism: Citing With APA Style. libguides.bridgewater.edu/c.php?g=944737&p=7752763.