Methods

Data Collection:

Followed individuals from four groups of woolly monkeys at the Tiputini Biodiversity Station (0° 38’ N, 76° 9’ W) between June 6, 2025 and July 28, 2025.

During 1-hr focal follows, individual and group vocalizations were captured opportunistically using a ME66 Sennheiser directional microphone and EDIROL R-09HR recorder with behavioral data recorded instantaneously every 5-min via dictation.

Vocalizations and exchanges were selected in RavenPro

Data Analysis:

All vocalizations emitted within 10 s of each other were selected and binned at 100 ms intervals to determine a baseline vocal exchange threshold.5,6,7