Chicago Citation Style

Chicago style papers will include: 

• A title page that has the full title of your paper, your name, the course title, the instructor’s name, and the date. 

  • A title page is not a requirement 

• Numbered footnotes at the bottom of each page in the "footer" section of the document or numbered endnotes that start on a new page at the end of your paper (before your bibliography). 

Chicago style papers will be formatted with:

• 1" margins on all sides of the page (top, bottom, left & right)

• Page numbers in the top right corner of the page or bottom center of the page (one or the other, not both). Your title page will not be numbered, but it is still counted as the first page, so the first page of your text will have 2 in the top right corner of the document. 

• Unless instructed otherwise, also include your last name before each page number. 

• Double-spaced lines throughout the paper (this does not include long quotations or your bibliography)

Your bibliography at the end of the paper will include: 

• The word "Bibliography" at the top, center of the page 

• Each source that is cited or was consulted to write the paper, listed in alphabetical order by last name of the author

• Indent additional lines in each entry a half inch or five spaces. 

• Each entry is single-spaced, but include double-spacing between entries

Please also consult our sample Note-Bibliography Chicago/Turabian style paper for an example of paper formatting. 

When citing a work in the text of your paper, you will want to insert a footnote or endnote. The first line of each note (footnote or endnote) is indented by half an inch (or five spaces) from the left margin. If the note is more than one line, subsequent lines are not indented. 

• The first time you cite a work in the paper, you will cite the footnote more fully with the author, title of the work, publisher location, publisher name, page numbers.

  • Example of a footnote for a book

1. Moose, Augustus, All About Moose (Augusta: University of Maine Press, 2019), 22-25.

• Anytime you cite the same work again in your paper, you can do a shortened footnote citation. 

  • Example of a shortened footnote for a book

2. Moose, All About Moose, 95. 

For examples of in-text footnote citations for different formats, see our Notes & Bibliography - Notes by Format handout.

Quotations used in your paper will be cited with footnotes or endnotes in the same way as citing other information.

• The first time you cite a work in the paper, you will cite the footnote more fully with the author, title of the work, publisher location, publisher name, page numbers.

  • Example of a quote with a footnote

1. Moose, Augustus, All About Moose (Augusta: University of Maine Press, 2019), 22-25.

• Anytime you cite the same work again in your paper, you can do a shortened footnote citation. 

  • Example of a quote with a shortened footnote for a book

2. Moose, All About Moose, 95. 

• If a quote is longer than 5 lines, you should include in your paper as a block quotation. This means the quote should not be inside quotation marks, but should be single spaced and indented 5 spaces on both sides. 

For examples of in-text footnote citations for different formats, see our Notes & Bibliography - Notes by Format handout. 

To see an example paper that utilizes footnotes for quotations see our Notes & Bibliography Sample Paper. 

Your bibliography goes at the end of your paper. If you're using endnotes instead of footnotes, the bibliography goes after your endnotes. The bibliography is where you list every source you cited or consulted for your paper. Even if you didn't directly cite a source in your paper, but it informed your writing, you should include the course in your bibliography. The bibliography should include:

• The word "Bibliography" at the top and center of your page. Your page numbering in the top-right corner will continue from the rest of your paper as well. 

• All of your sources listed in alphabetical order by the last names of authors or editors. The type of source will determine the structure of your citation. See our document on Bibliography Citations by Format. 

• For two or more works by the same author, use six hyphens (‐‐‐‐‐‐) instead of the author’s name in all entries after the first and alphabetize them by title.

• Begin entries at the left margin and indent additional lines a half inch or five spaces, and single-space each entry.

• Double-space between entries

See our handout on Bibliography Entries by Format. 

Chicago style papers include: 

• A title page that has the full title of your paper, your name, the course title, the instructor’s name, and the date. 

• Page numbers at the top-right or bottom-center of your paper. Choose one or the other, not both. 

Chicago style papers will be formatted with:

• 1" margins on all sides of the page (top, bottom, left & right)

• Page numbers in the top right corner of the page. Your title page will not be numbered, but it is still counted as the first page, so the first page of your text will have 2 in the top right corner of the document. 

• Unless instructed otherwise, also include your last name before each page number. 

• Double-spaced lines throughout the paper (this does not include block quotes or your references)

• Indent the beginning of each paragraph by 1/2" or 5 spaces. 

Your bibliography at the end of the paper will include: 

• The word "References" at the top, center of the page 

• Each source that is cited or was consulted to write the paper, listed in alphabetical order by last name of the author

• Indent additional lines in each entry a half inch or five spaces. 

• Each entry is single-spaced, but include double-spacing between entries

Please also consult our sample author-date Chicago/Turabian style paper for an example of paper formatting. 

An in-text citation is required denoting the resources that were utilized in the paper. Unlike Notes-Bibliography, Author-Date does not use footnotes or endnotes.

In-Text ciations are added at the end of a sentence or a quotation. Author-date in-text citations generally follow this format: (Author Year). Here are some more examples for various types of resources:

Books

• Citation: Souliere, Michelle. 2021. Bigfoot in Maine. Charleston, SC: History Press.

  • In-text Citation: (Souliere 2021, 119) 

    • In-text citations for books reference the page number

Journal Article

• Citation: Sykes, Bryan C., Rhettman A. Mullis, Christophe Hagenmuller, Terry W. Melton, and Michel Sartori. 2014. "Genetic Analysis of Hair Samples Attributed to Yeti, Bigfoot and Other Anomalous Primates." Proceedings of the Royal Society. B, Biological Sciences 281 (1789): 20140161-20140161.

  • In-text Citation: (Sykes et al. 2014)

    • et al. means "and others" to indicate there is more than one author/contributor

Newspaper or Magazine

• Citation: Petrusich, Amanda. 2012. "Howling at Nothing: A Hunt for Bigfoot." The New York Times, 11.

  • In-text Citation: (Petrusich 2012)

Website

• Citation: Washington National Guard. "The Legend of Bigfoot | Washington State Military Department, Citizens Serving Citizens with Pride & Tradition." mil.wa.gov., accessed Sep 1, 2023, https://mil.wa.gov/the-legend-of-bigfoot.

Author-Date style has some key differences compared to the Notes Bibliography style. 

• The top of your page should say References, centered and bolded.

• The date in your citations goes after the author name. 

• All references must correspond to a work cited in the text.

See our sample Author-Date paper to see an example of a References list.