Ch02 Resources
chapter 2 blurb?
OpenStax Chemistry Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules and Ions
2.1 Early Ideas in Atomic Theory
State the postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory [R]
Use postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory to explain the laws of definite and multiple proportions [C]
COMMENTS: Read this section for historical insight, but don't go crazy trying to get a deep understanding of how the laws of definite and multiple proportions lead inexorably to our modern molecular level understanding. It's not on the exam…
2.2 Evolution of Atomic Theory
Outline milestones in the development of modern atomic theory [R]
Summarize and interpret the results of the experiments of Thomson, Millikan, and Rutherford [A]
Describe the three subatomic particles that compose atoms [R]
Define isotopes and give examples for several elements [R]
RESOURCES: Course video, "Introduction to Atoms"
COMMENTS: Again, historical interest for the first objective.
Rutherford's experiment (carried out by and gradually getting credited to Geiger and Marsden) was important to our picture of the atom. Understand what this experiment tells us about atomic structure. Exercises 8 and 9 at the end of chapter 2 will be helpful.
The final two objectives translate to knowing that, from a chemist's point of view, atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. The next section (2.3) will sharpen your understanding.
2.3 Atomic Structure and Symbolism
Write and interpret symbols that depict the atomic number, mass number, and charge of an atom or ion [R]
Define the atomic mass unit and average atomic mass [R]
Calculate average atomic mass and isotopic abundance [R]
Exercises 10-19 illustrate the kinds of questions I might ask to assess the first objective.
Don't worry too much about exercises 21 or 23-26.
Memorize the names and symbols of the elements in the first two periods (H-Ne)
2.4 Chemical Formulas
Symbolize the composition of molecules using molecular formulas and empirical formulas [C]
Represent the bonding arrangement of atoms within molecules using structural formulas [A]
There's more to this than meets the eye. Check your understanding with the exercises.
2.5 The Periodic Table
State the periodic law and explain the organization of elements in the periodic table [A]
Predict the general properties of elements based on their location within the periodic table [A]
Identify metals, nonmetals, and metalloids by their properties and/or location on the periodic table [R]
The exercises will give you practice in the important concepts. (As an aside, being able to identify the pnictogens will give you a trivia advantage even among chemists.)
2.6 Molecular and Ionic Compounds
Define ionic and molecular (covalent) compounds [R]
Predict the type of compound formed from elements based on their location within the periodic table [A]
Determine formulas for simple ionic compounds [A]
RESOURCES: Course video "Molecules and Ionic Compounds"
Memorize the polyatomic ions (name, formula and charge) in table 2.5.
Make sure you can do all the exercises.
2.7 Chemical Nomenclature
Derive names for common types of inorganic compounds using a systematic approach [A]
Again, all exercises.