New York Framework Key Ideas:

*I break key idea 8.2 into three units. Everything in bold italics is taught in the Industrialization Unit*

• 8.2 A CHANGING SOCIETY: Industrialization and immigration contributed to the urbanization of America. Problems resulting from these changes sparked the Progressive movement and increased calls for reform. (Standards: 1, 2, 4; Themes: MOV, SOC, TECH, EXCH)
  • 8.2a Technological developments changed the modes of production, and access to natural resources facilitated increased industrialization. The demand for labor in urban industrial areas resulted in increased migration from rural areas and a rapid increase in immigration to the United States. New York City became the nation’s largest city, and other cities in New York State also experienced growth at this time.
    • Students will identify groups of people who moved into urban areas, and examine where they came from and the reasons for their migration into the cities. Students will explore the immigrant experience at Ellis Island.
    • Students will compare and contrast immigrant experiences in locations such as ethnic neighborhoods in cities, rural settlements in the Midwest, Chinese communities in the Far West, and Mexican communities in the Southwest.
  • 8.2b Population density, diversity, technologies, and industry in urban areas shaped the social, cultural, and economic lives of people.
    • Students will examine the population growth of New York City and other New York cities and the technologies and industries which encouraged this growth.
    • Students will examine the living conditions in urban areas with a focus on increasing population density and the effects that this growth had on the social, cultural, and economic lives of people.
  • 8.2c Increased urbanization and industrialization contributed to increasing conflicts over immigration, influenced changes in labor conditions, and led to political corruption.
    • Students will examine nativism and anti-immigration policies, including the Chinese Exclusion Act, the Gentlemen’s Agreement, and immigration legislation of the 1920s.
    • Students will explore the growth and effects of child labor and sweatshops.
    • Students will explore the development of political machines, including Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall.
  • 8.2d In response to shifts in working conditions, laborers organized and employed a variety of strategies in an attempt to improve their conditions.
    • Students will examine the goals and tactics of specific labor unions including the Knights of Labor, the American Federation of Labor, and the Industrial Workers of the World.
    • Students will examine key labor events including the Haymarket affair, the Pullman Strike and the International Ladies Garment Workers’ Union strike.
  • 8.2e Progressive reformers sought to address political and social issues at the local, state, and federal levels of government between 1890 and 1920. These efforts brought renewed attention to women’s rights and the suffrage movement and spurred the creation of government reform policies.
    • Students will examine the Populist Party as a reform effort by farmers in response to industrialization.
    • Students will investigate reformers and muckrakers such as Jane Addams, Florence Kelley, W. E. B. du Bois, Marcus Garvey, Ida Tarbell, Eugene V. Debs, Jacob Riis, Booker T. Washington, and Upton Sinclair. Student investigations should include the key issues in the individual’s work and the actions that individual took or recommended to address those issues.
    • Students will explore leaders and activities of the temperance and woman’s suffrage movements.
    • Students will investigate the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire and the legislative response.
    • Students will examine state and federal government responses to reform efforts, including the passage of the 17th amendment, child labor and minimum wage laws, antitrust legislation, and food and drug regulations.

Essential Questions:

• How did technological developments and the role of big business change industry?
• Did the benefits of industrialization outweigh the costs?

5 Main Ideas of Industrialization:

1) New inventions and innovations changed the ways goods were produced and changed how people traveled, communicated, completed chores, and spent their free time.

2) The increase in factory produced goods led to larger selections of goods at a decreased price. The need for raw materials skyrocketed. Consumerism (buying stuff) increased.

3) In order to increase profits, entrepreneurs (businessmen) made laborers work long hours for little pay. They hired women, children, and immigrants because they could be paid less.

4) People moved to cities for factory jobs, which led to rapid urbanization in America. As cities grew so did conflicts over immigration, political corruption, and pollution.

5) In response to changes in working conditions, laborers organized labor unions and employed a variety of strategies in an attempt to improve their conditions (like strikes).