China has been inhabited for over 750,000 years and has been the protagonist of several dynasties.The first dynasty, called Xia, was founded by the ruler Yǔ and settled between the Yellow and Blue Rivers. led to a fragmentation of the Chinese territory and political instability. After the destruction of the country by the nomadic Manchu people, the Qing dynasty, "the dynasty of the pure" was founded. Under this dynasty, the Chinese are obliged to bring the braid with the shaved head, a sign of submission. This last dynasty puts its end thanks to the revolutionary doctor Sun Yat-Sen, founding the political party Guomindang and proclaiming the First Republic of China in 1911. In 1949, thanks to the proclamation of the Republic People of China, China is officially unified. From 1950 to 1960 Mao leads the Republic of China, thus starting the "Hundred Flowers Campaign", allowing intellectuals to freely criticize the regime. One year later Mao initiates the policy of the "Great Leap Forward" to further develop the country's economy but this project fails due to famine.

With a history of over 3600 years, China is part of one of the four ancient civilizations (along with Babylon, India and Egypt) and has a very rich and profound culture.

-Calligraphy: To practice this art form you need to know how to master the so-called "four treasures of the studio": brush, ink stick, inkwell and paper, but in addition to this you need to have a high level of concentration, which is essential in order to guide the brush correctly in quick and decisive gestures in order to create different effects.When the calligrapher hesitates, the ink slides along the tip of the brush creating a black spot: for this reason the agility and speed of movement are essential skills for those who practice it.According to the Chinese calligraphy is like a mirror that reflects the soul and through it you can understand the feelings of the writer.Today it is still practiced and during holidays or important events are realized and hung as an ornament.

-The Chinese New Year: Also known as the Spring Festival (this holiday falls during the first of the 24 solar terms of the traditional Chinese calendar) or Lunar New Year, it is the most important traditional holiday of the year. For this holiday the celebrations last 16 days and 7 days of vacation are foreseen. It is the time of year when families gather for the traditional "dinner", make offerings for gods and ancestors, pray to Buddha and do spring cleaning. It is celebrated not only in Asian countries but also in Chinatowns of all the world.

-The culture of food: In China, food is served to the oldest member of the family and children usually take care of their parents. Plates are always placed in the center of the table facing the older members as a sign of virtue. they are a symbol of ancient wisdom because they are very practical and can be used in any activity. They are often offered to the bride and groom as a wedding gift, decorated and the wood can be replaced with other materials. There is a type of spaghetti called "spaghetti of longevity" for away from the length of the spaghetti and represents the length of life.This dish is eaten on one's birthday.

The first writings concerning the ancient history of Japan date back only to 712 AD. C. The history of Japan is divided into various periods. Several sources indicate the beginning of this period such as the cultivation of rice in paddy fields or new types of pottery. It developed more in southern Kyushu and northern Honshu. 550 and 700 there was the transfer of the capital to Nara from which it takes its name, determines a profound influence of abstract idealism on Japanese culture. This period ended when Emperor Tenji ascended the throne in 667 and in 701 the Taiho Ritsuryo codes, which would have played a very important role. The country was divided into provinces, districts and villages. Another important thing was the move of the capital to Kyoto. In 1189 there was a rapid process of industrialization and the new constitution was born, while in 1904 diplomatic relations with Russia were interrupted and the war that marked the victory for the first time over an Asian country.The death of the emperor concluded this period.In August 1945 the Soviet Union declared war by dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and to end the conflict unconditional surrender was signed.This period lasted from 1926 to 1945.In January 1989 Emperor Akihito ascended the throne In 1991 Japan supported the Gulf War and sent specialists to defuse the mines.

Japanese culture has very ancient origins, an origin around 200,000 years ago.

- Calligraphy: Called shodo which translated means "way of writing" is an art form that requires constant commitment and which in different ways expresses the expression of one's soul. During the execution, the body participates entirely in the execution. these calligraphies are performed on small sheets and work at the table, sitting on the ground.The sheet, placed in front of the calligrapher, must be at the right height to avoid having to lift the arm.The brush must always be used in a vertical position, taking care position of the body; the handle should be gripped approximately 4 cm from the bristle attachment with the opposite thumb and index finger.It has different styles: Kaisho (block style), Tensho (seal writing), Reisho (synthetic style), Sosho (quick and synthetic style) and Gyosho (cursive style). His set consists of: Shitaijiki (backing felt), Sumi (ink), Suzuri (ink container), Fude (brush), Hanshi (sheet of paper) and Bunchin (paperweight).

-Hanami: Literally "looking at the flowers", Hanami is the contemplation of cherry blossoms. This natural phenomenon occurs between March 20 and April 10. During Hanami people take advantage of this event to have a picnic and admire this beautiful show.During the night, lights are placed that highlight the color of these flowers even more.There are various types of cherry trees including the Hitoe (5 petals), the Hanyae (6-10 petals) and the Yae (more than 10 petals).

-The culture of food: The Japanese tend to make noise when they eat and suck noodles from the boiling broth; this is a sign of appreciation for food and good manners. Sticking chopsticks into rice is seen as a sign of rudeness, and even using them to tap various objects is not respectful.

From 1600 BC Korea was the subject of contention between different powers, winners and not. In 1231 campaigns were started against Korean territory by the Mongols; between 1592 and 1598 it was invaded by the Japanese. It was invaded by the peoples of Manchuria in 1627 and 1636 A few years later there was a Sino-Japanese war that forced the Russians to withdraw from the island (1894-1895). Sixty years ago these two countries were united. Since 1905 Korea was under the rule of Japan. Only three years later the country found itself split into two distinct nations.This was the consequence of control by the United States and the Soviet Union.In South Korea there was capitalist democracy by the Americans while in North Korea there was the Communist-type dictatorial government by the Soviets. In 1950 a war broke out between the two Koreas. There were millions of casualties and since then relations between the two Koreas have become hostile. As for the situation today:

-In the South people are free: They can decide where to go, what to do, They can elect the heads of state. They live in modern and technological cities and the education system is one of the best in the world.

-In the North people are not free: They cannot leave their country and to travel inland they need a special permit. Only the privileged live in the capital and power is in the hands of one person, worshiped as a god. The education system teaches children devotion to the ruler.

With its origins dating back 5,000 years, Korea is one of the oldest states in the world and still retains a historical and cultural past today.

- Calligraphy: Calligraphy, called "sŏye", does not represent concrete objects but ideograms that come to life in the lines drawn with the brush. From these movements it arises from the harmony between characters and empty spaces, between black and white. The Korean alphabet was created in the 15th century by King Sejong the Great and is called "hangŭl", making reading and writing accessible to all. It consists of 14 consonants and 10 vowels; the letters are grouped into syllabic blocks. the consonants have been represented graphically according to the shape of the mouth and then to obtain all the other letters by adding strokes or doubling the basic consonants. While the vowels have three main elements that reflect the philosophy of yin / yang they are the dot that represents the sky and the line that represents man. It also represents an art form.

-The Chuseok: The Chuesok is a festival dedicated to the harvest, considered today the day of thanksgiving. It is celebrated in the family and a small banquet is organized, dedicated to the ancestors. They are offered food and this ceremony is called "charye". The typical dessert of this holiday is the songpyeon, a crescent-shaped colored rice flour cake filled with honey and sesame seeds; these cakes are steamed on a layer of pine needles, giving a distinctive aroma.

-The culture of food: A typical drink of Korea is soju, which is very strong. Koreans are the largest consumers of alcohol in the world. Evande are served by holding the bottles with both hands, the same with the glass when served.The bowl of rice is never brought close to the mouth and the rice is eaten either with a spoon or with chopsticks.In traditional families it can happen to eat sitting on the ground.