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In 3rd grade the focus was on foundational multiplication and division understandings:
In 3rd grade the focus was on foundational multiplication and division understandings:
~ pictures, area models, and exploring multiplication & division relationships
~ pictures, area models, and exploring multiplication & division relationships
~ commutative property: 8 x 5 has the same product as 5 x 8
~ commutative property: 8 x 5 has the same product as 5 x 8
~ distributive property: 8 x 5 has the same product as (3 x 5) + (5 x 5)
~ distributive property: 8 x 5 has the same product as (3 x 5) + (5 x 5)
~ facts up to 10 x 10
~ facts up to 10 x 10
In 4th grade, students apply and build on these properties for multiplication of 2-digit by 2-digit numbers and 1-digit by 4-digit numbers, as well as fluently multiply up to 12 x 12. Similarly, students use place value understandings to find whole number quotients and remainders.
In 4th grade, students apply and build on these properties for multiplication of 2-digit by 2-digit numbers and 1-digit by 4-digit numbers, as well as fluently multiply up to 12 x 12. Similarly, students use place value understandings to find whole number quotients and remainders.
Multiplication
Multiplication
As students learn to work flexibly with numbers, they can select strategies that make sense. Before you watch the video, solve 18 x 5 mentally. Then, watch the video about different ways to figure out 18 x 5.
Which strategy connects with your thinking?
Here are the multiple representations (rectangular arrays, area model, equations) used in fourth grade to illustrate and explain multi-digit multiplication.
Here are the multiple representations (rectangular arrays, area model, equations) used in fourth grade to illustrate and explain multi-digit multiplication.
This document outlines these models in more detail and includes links to videos.
This document outlines these models in more detail and includes links to videos.
Area Model
Area Model
Open Array
Open Array
Partial Products
Partial Products
Division
Division
Area Model
Area Model
Students also use division with the same area model they used for multiplication.
Watch this silent video. What connections do you see between the two models?
Games to Play
Games to Play
Fact Fluency Practice for Multiplication and Division
Fact Fluency Practice for Multiplication and Division
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