Biology 30
Human Development
Information
Major Text: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Inquiry into Biology, Chapter 15
Lab Exercises: There are no required labs for these units.
Evaluation:
A test is to be written at the end of this unit. It will cover all of the objectives for this topic. There are no lab requirements for this unit.
Introduction: It takes 40 weeks for a person to develop from a single fertilized egg to a fully functioning human baby. In other words, a human life goes from one unspecialized cell to an individual with billions of specialized cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. As you can appreciate there is a lot going on during a pregnancy. In these units you will look at some of the highlights of this period between conception and birth. Also, you will examine some of the technologies involved in attaining or preventing human reproduction.
Objectives: When you have completed the learning activities for these units you will be expected to:
1. Differentiate between the embryonic and fetal periods of development. (page 508)
2. Diagram a sperm cell and an egg cell and explain the process of fertilization. (pages 508-509)
3. Explain how polyspermy is prevented. (page 508)
4. Describe how the zygote transforms into a morula and then a blastocyst. (pages 509- 510)
5. Identify the source of human chorionic gonadotropin. Why is it important in maintaining the early pregnancy? (pages 510-
511)
6. Describe the important events that take place during gastrulation and identify the three germ layers. (pages 511-514)
7. List several structures derived from each of the three germ layers. (page 513)
8. Describe the process of neurulation. (pages 513-514)
9. Identify the extra-embryonic membranes that support the embryo and identify the origin and functions of each. (pages 515- 517)
10. Explain the role of the placenta in maintaining a healthy embryo/fetus. (pages 515- 517)
12. Explain the possible effects of teratogens on a developing embryo and explain the danger associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. (pages 521-523)
13. Describe the sequence of events leading up to parturition. (pages 523-526)
14. Identify the hormones involved in parturition and their functions. (pages 523-526)
15. Explain stem cell technology. Why might it be beneficial in the future? What are some ethical considerations relating to stem cell research? (page 527)
16. Describe the technologies listed in the text that enhance reproductive potential. (pages 529-530)
17. Describe the technologies listed in the text that reduce reproductive potential. (pages 530- 532)
18. Identify some ethical considerations relating to reproductive technologies. (pages 532-533 and appendix A – Science, Technology and Society)
Learning Activities: When doing the readings for this unit, take notes as you see fit. Pay close attention to bold terms and diagrams. The practice questions provided after each section might be helpful to gage your understanding of the material.
1. You are responsible for the information presented in chapter 15 of the textbook (508 - 543), as well as Appendix A, Science, Technology and Society. Here is the link: Appendix A - Science, Technology and Society
2. Do as many of the review questions in the textbook as you find necessary to master the material. The following questions should definitely be considered: page 485 1-8, page 491 1-6a, page 502: 2-8, page 518: 1, 3-9, page 528 1-7, page 534: 1-5. The chapter 15 review (pages 536-537) might also be helpful. All answers to textbook questions can be found on D2L. Human Development Text Answers
3. Vocabulary check: Be able to define the following terms:
zygote cleavage blastocyst zona pellucida polyspermy acrosome implantation HCG
chorion trophoblast allantois placenta umbilical cord endoderm ectoderm mesoderm
inner cell mass gastrulation morphogenesis differentiation neurulation yolk sac trimester
teratogen fetal alcohol spectrum disorder parturition prolactin oxytocin prostaglandins
hepatitis
4. Technology and Society: In Biology 30 there is a definite emphasis on technology and how it impacts society. You should therefore be familiar with the technologies relating to these units and be able to list advantages and disadvantages to society for each one. For these units the technologies you need to be familiar with are:
Artificial insemination In-vitro fertilization
Surrogate mothers Superovulation
Gamete intrafallopian transfer tubal ligation
vasectomy contraceptive technologies
intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) Stem cell technology
5. Attend the optional seminars for this topic. The schedule can be found on the white board in the science resource centre. The seminar schedule is also posted on D2L. The seminar handouts are available in the science resource centre and on D2L.
Seminar presentation for Human Development: Human Development Seminar
6. If you can’t make the seminar you have another review option. Each topic on D2L has video seminar clips that you can review on your own time. As well, check out the Khan Academy videos and Crash Course videos related to this topic. Links to these are found on D2L. Please note that these videos are not made specifically for Bio 30 in Alberta so in some cases there is more or less information than you need for this course, but they are very helpful for understanding the topic.
Video Links for Human Development: Human Development video links
7. Complete the self-test that follows in this learning guide. Human Development Self-Test
Evaluation: There are no lab requirements necessary for test permission for these units. After completing all of the above exercises get test permission. Go to the testing centre to write the exam for Human Development.